评估促进学习何以可行——论学习为本评估的符号媒介和社会媒介

How Assessment Could Improve Learning——On the Symbolic and Social Media of Learning-oriented Assessment

目前,以评促学的观点已受到认可,但“评”与“学”毕竟是两种活动,这就需要进一步思考“以评促学何以可行”。从媒介角度分析,学习为本评估借助符号媒介和社会媒介促进学生学习。基于符号媒介的心智形塑原理,学习为本评估借助评估标准表等符号媒介促使学生将外部评估要求转化为内部心智程序,在一定程度上形塑自己的思考和行动方式,这就让评估活动与学习活动融为一体。基于社会媒介的经验交互原理,学习为本评估通过教师支持、同伴调节和学生自主行动,帮助学生在自身评估经验与学习共同体不同成员经验交汇、交锋、交融的过程中建构起新经验。符号媒介与社会媒介的“共在”,支持着学习为本评估的深入开展。

Currently, the view of improving learning through assessment is increasingly recognized. However, learning and assessment are two different activities. It still requires further thinking on “how assessment could improve learning”. From the perspective of media, learning-oriented assessment(LOA) promotes students’ learning employing symbolic media and social media. Based on the mental disciplining principle of symbolic media, LOA prompts students to transform external assessment requirements into internal mental procedures with the help of symbolic media, such as assessment rubrics, which disciplines the way they think and act. Therefore, symbolic media in LOA activates integration of assessment into learning. Based on the experiential interaction principle of social media, LOA enables students’ assessment experience and the experience of different members of the learning community to intersect to construct a new common experience through teachers’ support, peer regulation, and students’ self-directed action. The coexistence of symbolic media and social media supports the in-depth development of LOA.