硫:古老元素的新征程——第54届国际化学奥林匹克试题第4题解析

A New Journey for Ancient Sulfur:Analysis of Problem 4 of the 54th International Chemistry Olympiad

硫是一种储量丰富、价格低廉的化工原料,其作为电池正极材料的理论比容量高达1675 mAh∙g^(−1)。因此,锂硫电池被认为是未来储能领域中最具应用前景的一类设备。第54届国际化学奥林匹克试题第4题以锂硫电池应用研究中的前沿问题为主线,引导学生了解了锂硫电池的基本化学原理、迷人的应用前景和实际应用的一些科学挑战,考查内容涵盖锂与含硫物质间的化学反应、返滴定法、化学平衡、电化学、物料及电荷守恒等相关知识点。

Sulfur is an abundant and inexpensive chemical substance.As cathode material for battery,the theoretical specific capacity of sulfur is as high as 1675 mAh∙g^(−1).Therefore,lithium-sulfur battery is considered to be one of the most promising devices in the field of energy storage in the future.The problem 4 of the 54th International Chemistry Olympiad takes the frontier research of lithium-sulfur batteries as the main line,and guides students to understand the working principle,fascinating application prospect and some scientific challenges for practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries.The inspection content covers the chemical reactions between lithium and sulfur-containing substance,back titration,chemical equilibrium,electrochemistry,material and charge conservation.