有机化学实验操作失误引导创新——以正溴丁烷制备为例

Innovations Driven by Misoperation in Organic Chemistry Experiments:Preparation of n-Bromobutane

用正丁醇、溴化钠和硫酸反应制备正溴丁烷是基础有机化学实验教学经常选用的实验,本文设计了以正丁醇、溴化钠和硫酸为原料,使用尾气吸收回流加热装置,先将其中任意两个加热至回流,再瞬间加入第三个原料,详细考察了不同原料加入顺序、不同回流反应时间对正溴丁烷的产率的影响。实验结果可为国内院校开设有机化学实验课程提供实践参考,并启发学生从实验失误中也可以引导实验创新。

The preparation of n-bromobutane by the reaction of n-butanol,sodium bromide,and sulfuric acid is a basic experiment in organic chemistry.In this paper,a tail-gas-absorption reflux device was designed using these three reactants as raw materials.Any two of them were heated to reflux,and then the third was added instantaneously.The effects of different raw-material addition sequences and reflux times on the yield of n-bromobutane were investigated.This experiment can act as a practical reference for domestic universities endeavoring to set up organic chemistry laboratory courses and can also encourage students to see experimental mistakes as opportunities for innovation.