2019年中国中西部农村地区中小学生饮水现状及关联因素分析

Status and related factors on the drinking behavior among primary and secondary students in China rural middle and western regions in 2019

目的分析2019年“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”试点地区中小学生的日均饮水情况及关联因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,在2019年实施“营养改善计划”的中西部22个省,分片选取1~3个国家试点县。按不同供餐模式,取2所小学和2所初中作为重点监测学校。从小学三年级到初中三年级各抽取1~2个班。采用“学生调查表”收集调查对象的基本信息和每天饮水情况。以每天是否饮水≥5杯为因变量,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析学生饮水的关联因素。结果纳入27374名研究对象。试点地区中小学生平均每天饮水3.9杯。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男生(OR=1.230,P<0.001)、小学生(OR=1.379,P<0.001)、父亲外出打工(OR=1.169,P<0.001)、父母均外出打工(OR=1.228,P<0.001)、走读生(OR=1.142,P<0.001)、学校位于村(OR=1.638,P<0.001)或乡镇(OR=1.358,P<0.001)、学校供餐(OR=1.252,P<0.001)、学校教学楼配备水冲式卫生厕所(OR=1.384,P<0.001)、中部地区(OR=1.300,P<0.001)是学生每天饮水≥5杯的促进因素。结论我国“营养改善计划”试点地区中小学生饮水量偏低,且饮水量受到多方面因素的影响。

Objective To analyze the daily drinking behavior and related factors of primary and middle school students in the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES)pilot regions.Methods Multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select one to three national pilot counties in 22 provinces in central and western China where the NIPRCES was implemented in 2019.According to different feeding patterns,two primary schools and two middle schools were selected as key monitoring schools.One or two classes were selected from grade 3 to grade 9.The student questionnaire was used to collect the basic information and daily drinking behavior.Taking whether the drinking water≥5 cups every day as the dependent variable,multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of drinking behavior among students.Results A total of 27374 students were included.On average,primary and middle school students in the regions where NIPRCES was implemented had 3.9 cups of water every day.Logistic regression model showed that boys(OR=1.230,P<0.001),primary school students(OR=1.379,P<0.001),father worked outside the home(OR=1.169,P<0.001),both parents worked outside the home(OR=1.228,P<0.001),non-resident students(OR=1.142,P<0.001),the school in the village(OR=1.638,P<0.001)or township(OR=1.358,P<0.001),school feeding(OR=1.252,P<0.001),the school building with flush toilets(OR=1.384,P<0.001)and the central regions(OR=1.300,P<0.001)students were more likely to drink≥5 cups water every day.Conclusion The water consumption of primary and middle school students in the pilot regions of NIPRCES is low,and their drinking behaviors are affected by many factors.