沿海地区传统渔村产业转型类型及影响因素研究

Research on the typology of industrial transformation of traditionalfishing villages and its influencing factors in coastal areas

产业转型是传统渔村突破发展瓶颈的关键过程,也是实现渔村产业振兴的必由之路。受乡村统计数据不足的长期影响,传统研究通常采用居民收入构成等指标间接衡量乡村产业转型发展过程,具有一定的局限性。本研究基于乡村产业转型理论,采用企业属性数据构建传统渔村产业发展指数评价指标体系,以福建省沿海地区22个渔村作为研究对象,探讨传统渔村产业转型过程、类型及影响因素。研究发现:1989—2020年,福建省传统渔村产业转型可以分为初期、中期和后期3个阶段,各阶段企业数量和规模持续增长,无主导产业型渔村逐步消失,且渔村主导产业呈现逐级递进特征;按产业转型特征划分,约60%的渔村属于待转型,已转型渔村占比仅为31.8%,未转型渔村面临难转型的困境;传统渔村产业转型主要受资源(渔业资源)和市场(人口规模)因素共同影响和作用,政策因素的强化和环境因素的优化也有利于推动渔村产业进一步转型。本研究结论可为沿海地区传统渔村产业转型发展提供决策参考。

Industrial transformation is the key process for traditional fishing villages to break through the bottleneck of development,and it is also the necessary way to realize the development of rural revitalization.However,due to the long-term influence of insufficient rural statistical data,traditional studies usually adopt indicators such as residents’income composition to indirectly measure the development process of rural industrial transformation,which has certain limitations.Based on the theory of rural industrial transformation,this paper uses enterprise attribute data to construct an evaluation index system of industrial development in traditional fishing villages,and takes 22 fishing villages in coastal areas of Fujian Province as research objects to explore the process,types and influencing factors of industrial transformation of traditional fishing villages.It is found that:from 1989 to 2020,the industrial transformation of traditional fishing villages in Fujian Province can be divided into three stages,which are the initial stage,the intermediate stage and the later stage.In each stage,not only the number and scale of enterprises continue to grow,the fishing villages without dominant industry type gradually disappear,but the dominant industries of fishing villages in each stage show the characteristics of growing step by step.According to the characteristics of industrial transformation,about 60%of fishing villages belong to the ready-transformation type,the percentage of transformed fishing villages is only 31.8%,and the untransformed fishing villages face the dilemma of difficult transformation.The industrial transformation of traditional fishing villages is mainly influenced by resources(fishery resources)and market(population size),and the strengthening of policy factors and the optimization of environmental factors are also conducive to promoting the further transformation of fishing village industry.The findings of this study can contribute to the industrial transformation development of traditional fishing villages in coastal areas.