日粮中不同粗饲料对吕梁黑山羊生长性能、血液生化指标和屠宰性能的影响

Effects of different roughages on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and slaughter performance of Lyuliang black goats

为了探究日粮中不同粗饲料对吕梁黑山羊生产性能、血液生化指标和屠宰性能的影响,试验选取6月龄、体重相近、健康、已去势的吕梁黑山羊公羊24只,随机分为4组(A、B、C、D组),每组6只,分别饲喂以玉米秸秆、花生秧、苜蓿干草、羊草为粗饲料,精粗比为6∶4的全混合日粮,预试期10 d,正试期80 d,测定各组生长性能(初重、末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比)、血液生化指标(血糖浓度,血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白水平,血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性,以及血清尿素氮、三酰甘油和总胆固醇浓度)、屠宰性能(宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率和净肉率)。结果表明:各组初重均差异不显著(P>0.05)。C组末重最高,略高于B组和D组(P>0.05),显著高于A组(P<0.05);B组和D组末重显著高于A组(P<0.05)。C组平均日增重最高,极显著高于其他3组(P<0.01);B组、D组平均日增重极显著高于A组(P<0.01)。C组平均日采食量最低,略低于B组和D组(P>0.05),显著低于A组(P<0.05);B组和D组平均日采食量显著低于A组(P<0.05)。C组料重比最低,极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01);B组和D组料重比极显著低于A组(P<0.01)。C组血糖浓度最高,略高于B组和D组(P>0.05),显著高于A组(P<0.05);B组和D组血糖浓度显著高于A组(P<0.05)。C组血清总蛋白与球蛋白水平均极显著高于其他3组(P<0.01);B组和D组血清总蛋白与球蛋白水平极显著高于A组(P<0.01)。C组血清白蛋白水平最高,略高于B组(P>0.05),极显著高于A组与D组(P<0.01);B组血清白蛋白水平极显著高于A组与D组(P<0.01);D组血清白蛋白水平极显著高于A组(P<0.01)。各组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性,尿素氮、三酰甘油、胆固醇浓度均差异不显著(P>0.05)。C组宰前活重最高,略高于B组和D组(P>0.05),显著高于A组(P<0.05);B组和D组宰前活重显著高于A组(P<0.05)。屠宰后C组胴体重最高,略高于B组、D组(P>0.05),显著高于A组(P<0.05)。各组屠宰率和净肉率均差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明在本试验条件下,饲喂以苜蓿干草为粗饲料的全混合日粮对改善吕梁黑山羊生产性能、屠宰性能和血液生化指标方面的效果最好,花生秧和羊草效果较好,玉米秸秆效果最差。

In order to explore the effects of different roughages in the diet on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and slaughter performance of Lyuliang black goats,24 healthy and castrated Lyuliang black goats ram aged 6 months with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups(groups A,B,C and D),with 6 goats in each group.They were fed a total mixed diet with corn straw,peanut vine,alfalfa hay,and leymus chinensis as roughages with a concentrate to forage ratio of 6∶4.The pre-test period was 10 days,and the test period was 80 days.The growth performance(initial weight,final weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed to gain ratio),blood biochemical indicators(blood glucose concentration,serum total protein,albumin and globulin levels,serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities,and serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration),and slaughter performance(live weight before slaughter,carcass weight,slaughter percentage,and net meat percentage).The results showed that there was no significant difference in the initial weight among all groups(P>0.05).The final weight in group C was the highest,which was slightly higher than that in group B and group D(P>0.05),and significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The final weight in groups B and D was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The average daily gain in group C was the highest and extremely significantly higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.01).The average daily gain in group B and D was significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.01).The average daily feed intake in group C was the lowest,which was slightly lower than that in groups B and D(P>0.05),and significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake in groups B and D was significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05).The ratio of feed to gain in group C was the lowest,which was extremely significantly higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.01),and the ratio of feed to gain in groups B and D was extremely significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.01).The blood glucose concentration in group C was the highest,which was slightly higher than that in group B and group D(P>0.05),and significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The blood glucose concentration in groups B and D was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The levels of serum total protein and globulin in group C were significantly higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.01).The levels of serum total protein and globulin in groups B and D were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.01).The serum albumin concentration in group C was the highest,which was slightly higher than that in group B(P>0.05),and significantly higher than that in group A and D(P<0.01).The serum albumin level in group B was significantly higher than that in group A and D(P<0.01).The serum albumin level in group D was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and the concentrations of urea nitrogen,triglyceride and cholesterol among the groups(P>0.05).The live weight before slaughter in group C was the highest,which was slightly higher than that in groups B and D(P>0.05),and significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The live weight before slaughter in groups B and D was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).After slaughter,the carcass weight in group C was the highest,which was slightly higher than that in groups B and D(P>0.05),and significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in dressing rate and net meat rate among all groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,the whole mixed diet with alfalfa hay as roughage had the best effects on improving performance,slaughter performance and blood biochemical indexes of Lyuliang black goats under the experimental conditions.The peanut seedling and leymus chinensis had a better effect,but the corn straw had the worst effect.