创新儿童中药制剂的造粒掩味关键技术研究概况

Key techniques for granulation and flavor masking of innovative Chinese medicinal preparations for children: a review

我国儿童用药剂型多样,总体分为口服固体剂型和液体剂型,固体剂型中微片、微丸、分散片、细颗粒剂等成为当下儿科用药的发展趋势。液体剂型主要包括糖浆剂、混悬液、口服液、滴剂。中药不良口感的形成、药物在不同年龄段儿童体内的处置过程是影响儿科用药有效性、安全性及顺应性的关键因素。为了降低血药浓度波动引起的风险性以及提高儿科用药的口服顺应性,发展改善不良味感固体制剂的造粒掩味新技术是当务之急。而对于具有不良口感液体制剂,则需应用矫味技术。该文对造粒掩味制药新技术进行总结,发现缓控释颗粒剂、细颗粒剂、咀嚼固体迷你片剂成为儿童口服固体剂型的主流,这些剂型普遍涉及到多微粒制剂、包衣、微囊化等造粒技术。造粒与掩味密不可分,属于协同关系。掩味技术从4种不同的角度掩盖中药苦味,包括混淆大脑味觉掩盖苦味、改变化合物本身消除苦味、减少苦味分子与口腔苦味受体接触、麻痹味觉细胞提高苦味感受阈值。目前市面上的儿童药物主要以抑制苦味药物口腔释放为主。

There are many kinds of pharmaceutical preparations for children in China, which are generally divided into oral solid preparations and oral liquid preparations. Solid preparations, such as microtablets, pellets, dispersible tablets, and fine granules, have become the development trend of pediatric drugs. Liquid preparations mainly include syrup, suspension, oral solution, and drops. The poor taste and the treatment of drugs in children of different ages are the key factors affecting the efficacy, safety, and compliance of pediatric drugs. To reduce the risk caused by the fluctuation of blood concentration and improve the oral compliance of pediatric drugs, it is urgent to develop new techniques for granulation and flavor maskingto improve the poor taste of solid preparations. For liquid pre-parations with poor taste, the flavor correction technique should be used. This paper summarized the new pharmaceutical techniques for granulation and flavor masking, and it was found that sustained/controlled-releasegranules, fine granules, and chewing solid mini-tablets became the mainstream of oral solid preparations for children. Generally, multiparticle preparation, coating, microencapsulation, and other granulating techniques were involved in these preparations. Granulation and flavor masking are closely related and synergetic. Flavor masking techniques mask the bitter taste of Chinese medicine from four aspects, including confusing the brain taste, changing the compounds, reducing the exposure of bitter molecules to bitter receptors in the mouth, and numbing the taste cells to increase the threshold of bitter perception. At present, the main drugs for children on the market mainly inhibit the oral release of bitter drugs.