人工养殖蓝圆鲹肌肉营养成分的分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in the muscle of cultured Decapterus maruadsi

为分析人工养殖蓝圆鲹肌肉的营养成分,对其营养价值进行评价,采用食品安全国家标准测定方法对其中的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和10种矿物质元素进行了检测。结果表明,人工养殖蓝圆鲹肌肉鲜样中的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分的含量分别为(64.05±1.75)g/100 g、(17.72±0.11)g/100 g、(16.80±0.26)g/100 g、(1.41±0.10)g/100 g;检测的16种氨基酸(AA)的总含量为(13.64±0.25)g/100 g,含有的7种非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的总含量为(6.32±0.11)g/100 g,含有的7种成人必需氨基酸(EAA)的总含量为(5.79±0.13)g/100 g,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为72.27,∑EAA/∑AA为42.45%,∑EAA/∑NEAA高达91.61%,满足FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质标准;共检出25种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)11种,占(28.5465±0.0940)%,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)5种,占(31.5523±0.0422)%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)9种,占(39.8910±0.1079)%,SFAS、MUFAS、PUFAS的比值为0.90∶1.00∶1.26,脂肪酸致动脉粥样硬化指数和血栓形成指数为0.30和0.44,ΣPUFAn3/ΣPUFAn6为0.23,优于FAO/WHO推荐值;检测了钾、钙、磷、钠、镁5种常量元素,含量依次是(2790.55±2.33)mg/kg、(2376.55±54.66)mg/kg、(2310.00±43.59)mg/kg、(803.33±7.02)mg/kg、(235.07±4.61)mg/kg,检测了锌、铁、铜、硒、锰5种必需微量元素,除锰未检出外,其他微量元素含量依次是(6.73±0.07)mg/kg、(5.51±0.34)mg/kg、(0.56±0.01)mg/kg、(0.12±0.01)mg/kg。人工养殖蓝圆鲹肌肉营养价值较高,未来可开展优化饲料配方、完善养殖模式等方面的研究,进一步提高人工养殖蓝圆鲹肌肉的营养价值。

In order to analyse the nutritional composition and evaluate the nutrition value in the muscle of cultured Decapterus maruadsi,the methods for determination of national food safety standards were adopted, to determine the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, amino acids, fatty acids and ten mineral elements in the muscle of cultured decapterus maruadsi. Results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash in the fresh muscle of cultured Decapterus maruadsi were(64.05±1.75)g/100 g,(17.72±0.11)g/100 g,(16.80±0.26)g/100 g, and(1.41±0.10)g/100 g. The total contents of 16 amino acids( AAs) were detected, including 7 non-essential amino acids(NEAAs) and 7 essential amino acids(EAAs),which were(13.64±0.25)g/100 g,(6.32±0.11)g/100 g, and(5.79±0.13)g/100 g. The essential amino acid index(EAAI) was 72.27. The seven types of essential amino acids(∑EAA),which account for 42.45% of the total amino acids(∑AA) and 91.61% of the total non-essential amino acids(∑NEAA),which completely met the ideal protein standards made by the FAO/WHO. Twenty five types of fatty acids were detected, including eleven types of saturated fatty acids(SFAs),five types of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs),and nine types of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs),which account for(28.546 5±0.094 0)%,(31.552 3±0.042 2)% and(39.891 0±0.107 9)%,respectively. The ratio of SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs was 0.90∶1.00∶1.26,and atherogenic index and thrombogenic index were 0.30 and 0.44,respectively.Additionally, the value of ΣPUFAn3/ΣPUFAn6 was 0.23,which was better than the value recommended by FAO/WHO. Five macroelements were detected, including potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and the contents were(2 790.55±2.33)mg/kg,(2 376.55±54.66)mg/kg,(2 310.00±43.59)mg/kg,(803.33±7.02)mg/kg, and(235.07±4.61)mg/kg. Also five essential microelements were detected, including zinc, iron, copper, selenium, manganese, which, except the manganese, respectively were(6.73±0.07)mg/kg,(5.51±0.34)mg/kg,(0.56±0.01)mg/kg, and(0.12±0.01)mg/kg.There is great nutritional value in the muscle of cultured Decapterus maruadsi. In the future, it will develop optimizing feed formulation, improving breeding mode and other aspects, which will have the further progress to improve the nutritional components in the muscle of cultured Decapterus maruadsi.