准备度对政府数据开放水平的影响研究——基于15个城市的定性比较分析

Research on the Impact of Readiness on the Level of Government Open Data——Based on a Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 15 Cities

[目的/意义]识别政府数据开放准备度的关键要素以及要素之间的组合特征,有利于指导我国政府数据开放的实践进程。[方法/过程]本研究从政府数据开放的准备度要素切入,基于国内15个城市的实证数据,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fs/QCA),探索影响政府数据开放水平差异的关键要素以及不同要素的组合关系。[结果/结论]政府数据开放水平受多种要素共同影响,其中通过法规政策明确数据开放要求和制定平台标准规范是影响政府数据开放的核心要素。准备度各要素在实践中呈现出三种组态,即要素均衡支撑型、法规政策驱动型和要素整体薄弱型。研究同时发现,影响政府数据开放水平的条件要素呈现非对称性关系,即导致高政府数据开放水平的准备度要素的缺乏,并非必然导致低的政府数据开放水平。

[Objective/Signifcance]Identifying the key factors of open data readiness and the combination characteristics between the elements is conducive to guiding the practical process of government open data in China.[Methods/Processes]Based on the empirical data of 15 cities in China,this paper explores the key factors affecting government open data level and the combination relationship of different factors by using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fs/QCA).[Results/Conclusions]Level of openness of government data is affected by multiple complex factors,among which the core factors are clarifying open data requirements through regulations and policies and formulating open data platform standards and specifcations.These factors show three confgurations in practice,namely,factors-balanced support type,law-driven type and factors-lack type.This paper also found that the combination of factors presents an asymmetric relationship,that is,the lack of readiness factors that lead to the high-level government data openness does not necessarily lead to the low-level government data openness.