南宁市人民公园荫生植物园植物及其景观调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on Plants and Landscapes in Shade-tolerate Arboretum of Nanning People's Park

荫生植物园是一类展示荫生植物生境及景观的植物专类园,承担着保护植物多样性与科普展示的重要功能。为加深对南宁市人民公园荫生植物园内植物资源及其景观现状的了解,在前人调查的基础上,对南宁市人民公园荫生植物园内的植物种类进行深入调查,并对其植物景观营建效果进行评价。结果表明,南宁市人民公园荫生植物园内共有维管植物70科152属212种;其中,荫性植物及乡土植物分别占植物总种数的15.57%和36.79%,以阳性、中性树种为主;阳性树种中,外来植物数量较多,以仙人掌科(Cactaceae)、龙舌兰科(Agavaceae)和大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)植物为主。观形植物86种,观茎植物71种,观叶植物156种,观花植物128种,观果植物42种,分别占比40.57%、33.49%、73.58%、60.38%和19.81%。造景时注重热带、亚热带植物景观及天际线的营造,部分区域呈现“以小见大”的景观特色。存在藤本植物匮乏、荫生特征不明显、乡土植物及耐荫树种应用较少、养护管理及景观配置考虑不足等问题。针对不足,提出加强1年生植物及藤本植物的应用,积极营造花境,在园区及沙漠温室区域间合理安排过渡区域,增加乡土树种的应用,加强管理并在适当区域增植植物等建议,进一步凸显荫生植物园的主题。

Shade-tolerate arboretums are a kind of special plant gardens which display habitats and landscapes of shade-tolerate plants,and undertake important functions of protecting plant diversity and popularizing sci⁃ence.For deeply understanding plant resources and present situation of landscapes in shade-tolerate arboretum of Nanning People's Park,based on predecessors'research,plant species of shade-tolerate arboretum of Nan⁃ning People's Park were investigated thoroughly and effect of plant landscape construction was evaluated.Re⁃sults showed that there were 212 vascular plant species belonging to 152 genera and 70 families,of which shade plants and native plants accounted for 15.57%and 36.79%of total plant species respectively and park was dominated by positive and netural species.Number of alien species in positive species was large,mainly plants belonging to Cactaceae,Agavaceae and Euphorbiaceae.There were 86 species of ornamental shape plants,71 species of ornamental stem plants,156 species of ornamental leaf plants,128 species of ornamental flower plants and 42 species of ornamental fruit plants,accounting for 40.57%,33.49%,73.58%,60.38%and 19.81%,respectively.Constructions of tropical and subtropical landscapes and skylines were emphasized.Part of areas presented landscape feature"seeing bigger by smaller".There were some problems,such as lack of vine plants,insignificant shade-tolerate characteristics,less application of native plants and shade-tolerant trees,and insufficient considerations of management and landscape configuration.It was suggested to strength⁃en application of annual plants and vine plants,actively create flower border,rationally arrange transition areas among park areas and desert greenhouse area,increase application of native tree species,strengthen manage⁃ment and increase plants in appropriate areas,which could further highlight theme of shade-tolerate arboretum.