宪法福利学:中国现代社会主义福利国家与社会福利制度建设目标

Constitutional Welfare: The Goal of Constructing the Chinese Modern Socialist Welfare State and Social Welfare System

2021年是中国现代社会福利制度建设新时代元年。中国式现代化国家治理体系建设、现代民主政治和法治国家制度建设、现代社会福利共识、科学精准疫情防控、重塑国家形象和中国参与全球治理等,需要共同聚焦现代社会福利制度,现代宪法福利学议题应运而生。文章首次探讨宪法福利学内涵外延、主要构成要件与基本特征;界定宪法福利学、财税制度与福利国家制度范式历史发展四个阶段与时代特征;简述宪法福利学纵向研究的全球、地区、主权国家、中央政府、地方政府、地方社区和个人家庭福利体系七个层次;探讨政治福利,宪法福利,立法、司法与法律福利,政府与行政福利,财税福利,公共福利,社会福利和生活化福利八大领域;探讨现代宪法福利学理论范式、中国现代社会主义福利国家与社会福利制度建设国家目标之间的社会制度逻辑,以期为现代国家治理体系与治理能力现代化奠定宪法化福利制度与福利化宪法制度基础。

The year of 2021 marks the first year in the new era of constructing China’s modern social welfare system.Such needs as the Chinese modern state governing system, modern democratic politics, system construction of a fazhi nation, consensus on modern social welfare, scientific and precise epidemic prevention and control, reshaping China’s image, and China’s participation in global governance all focus on modern social welfare system, and hence the issue of modern constitutional welfare emerges. The article, for the first time, explores the connotation, denotation, main components and basic features of constitutional welfare;defines constitutional welfare, fiscal and taxation systems and the four periods and epochal features of the historical development welfare state system paradigms;sketches the seven levels ranging from global, regional, sovereign state, central government, local government to individual family welfare system in the longitudinal study of constitutional welfare;probes into such eight areas as political welfare,constitutional welfare, legislation, jurisdiction and legal welfare, government and political welfare, fiscal welfare,public welfare, social welfare and lifestyle welfare;and investigates the theoretical paradigm of modern constitutional welfare as well as the logic of social systems between the goal of constructing the Chinese modern socialist welfare state and that of building a nation with socialist welfare system, so as to lay a foundation of constitutional welfare system and welfare-based constitutional system for national governance system and the modernization of governance capacity.