国家动员与男女平等——以镇江专区农业合作化运动中的妇女动员为例

National Mobilization and Gender Equality——Women’s Mobilization in the Agricultural Cooperation Movement in Zhenjiang Area as an Example

中国共产党一直提倡解放妇女,男女平等。农业合作化运动是中华人民共和国成立后在农村进行的一次重要的经济改革运动,这场运动不仅完成了对农业的社会主义改造,对广大农村妇女而言,它又是一场深刻且成效极为显著的妇女解放运动。以镇江专区为例可以窥见,中国共产党在农业合作化运动中,如何借助国家力量,从思想、组织和生产三个方面对乡村妇女进行系统的劳动教育和思想动员。由此,广大农村妇女从家庭劳动领域进入集体劳动领域,男女平等、同工同酬、提高妇女卫生健康水平等妇女解放的目标在实际需求中得以初步实现。

The Communist Party of China(CPC) constantly advocates women’s emancipation and gender equality. Agricultural Cooperation Movement is an important economic reform in the countryside after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. This movement not only completes the socialist agricultural transformation, but more importantly, is a profound and highly effective rural women’s liberation movement. Taking Zhenjiang Area as an example, this paper reveals how CPC, taking advantage of national forces, carries out systematic labor education and ideological mobilization to rural women in three aspects, namely, mentality, organization and production. As a result, the majority of rural women shift from family labor to collective labor. It achieves an initial realization of women’s liberation goals and satisfies their practical needs of gender equality, payment equality and health improvement.