吉林省新生儿体质量与出生月份相关性研究

Correlation Between Neonatal Weight and Birth Month in Jilin Province

选取2019年1月至2020年12月在吉林省妇幼保健院出生的7628例新生儿为研究对象,采用单因素方差分析和多重比较检验不同月份新生儿体质量差异,利用双尾t检验揭示各月巨大儿与新生儿低体质量百分比的差异,使用Person相关分析检验巨大儿百分比与剖宫产率相关性。结果表明,秋季和冬季新生儿体质量高于春季和夏季。各月男婴平均体重均高于女婴。新生儿低体质量百分比最高值出现在夏季,最低值在秋季;巨大儿百分比最高值出现在冬季,最低值在夏季;剖宫产率最高值出现在冬季,最低值出现在夏季。此外,2019年剖宫产率与巨大儿百分比相关性不显著(r=0.05,P=0.87),2020年剖宫产率与巨大儿百分比显著正相关(r=0.63,P=0.02)。因此应加强预产期为冬季孕妇的胎儿宫内发育监测,积极控制新生儿体质量,降低巨大儿发生率,降低剖宫产率,提高新生儿出生质量,提倡自然分娩。

7628 newborns born in Jilin Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects in this study.The weight difference of newborns in different months was tested by one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison.The difference of the percentage of macrosomia and low birth weight infants in each month was tested by two tailed t-test,and the correlation between the percentage of macrosomia and caesarean section rate was tested by person correlation analysis.The results showed that the weight of neonates in autumn and winter was higher than that in spring and summer.Boys weighed more than girls every month.The percentage of low body weight of neonates was the highest in summer and the lowest in autumn.The highest percentage of macrosomia occurred in winter and the lowest in summer.The highest cesarean section rate occurred in winter and the lowest in summer.In addition,the cesarean section rate was not significantly correlated with the percentage of macrosomia in 2019(r=0.05,P=0.87),while the cesarean section rate was significantly positively correlated with the percentage of macrosomia in 2020(r=0.63,P=0.02).Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the intrauterine development monitoring of pregnant women whose expected date of birth is autumn and winter,actively control the weight of newborns,reduce the incidence of macrosomia,reduce the rate of cesarean section,improve the birth quality of newborns,and advocate natural delivery.