基于点击化学的色谱分离材料研究新进展

Recent advances in the research of chromatographic separation materials based on click chemistry

自诺贝尔奖获得者Sharpless教授2001年首次提出点击化学概念以来,该类反应凭借条件温和、反应迅速、产量高、副产物少、分离提纯简单等优势,迅速拓展至材料和生命等诸多科学领域,成为一种强大的模块化合成工具。目前,点击化学反应已成为设计制备分离材料的重要手段,展现出蓬勃发展的现状。本文首先简要地回顾了点击化学的发展历程并介绍了其独特优势,然后聚焦于柱色谱和膜色谱两大分离领域,系统地综述了近5年发表的基于点击化学的色谱分离材料相关报道,重点归纳了叠氮-炔、巯基-烯和巯基-炔这3种常见点击反应类型在色谱分离材料研究中的最新进展,最后对点击化学在开发高效分离材料方面的发展前景进行了展望。

Since Nobel Laureate K. B. Sharpless first introduced the concept of click chemistry in 2001, such reactions have become a powerful modular synthesis tool. Click chemistry reactions have rapidly expanded into many scientific fields, such as materials and life science, owing to their distinct advantages, which include mild conditions, fast reaction rates, high yields, low by-product generation, and simple separation and purification procedures. Nowadays, click chemistry reactions have become an essential means of designing and preparing separation materials;thus, interest in this synthetic technique has quickly grown. Here, the development of click chemistry and its unique advantages are briefly described firstly. The reports on click chemistry-based chromatographic separation materials published in the past five years are then systematically reviewed, focusing on two major separation fields: column chromatography and membrane chromatography. Meanwhile, recent advances in the separation materials obtained from three common types of click reactions, namely, azido-alkyne, thiol-alkene, and thiol-alkyne, are summarized. Finally, an outlook on the future of click chemistry is provided in developing efficient chromatographic separation materials.