公益林生态系统服务价值及空间格局研究——以清远市为例

Research on the Service Value and Spatial Pattern of Public Welfare Forest based Ecosystem——Take Qingyuan for Example

公益林生态系统服务功能同人类福祉密不可分,日益成为社会经济的重要组成部分。为更好发挥生态系统服务价值,建立健全公益林监测体系,文章以粤北地区重要的生态屏障——清远市公益林为例,分析公益林生态系统服务的价值和空间格局。研究发现:清远市2021年公益林涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、林木积累营养物质、净化大气环境、生物多样性保护的总价值为912.29亿元·a^(-1),其中涵养水源、固碳释氧、保育土壤排在前3位;从林种上看,水源涵养林、水土保持林和自然保护林(自然保护区林)是清远市公益林功能林种生态系统服务价值的前三贡献者,占总价值量80.67%;从各县(市)上看,中部的阳山县和英德市为清远市公益林生态系统服务总价值贡献程度较高,南部的清城区和佛冈县公益林生态服务价值较低;在空间格局上,阳山县北部、英德市西北部、连州市东南部连片的水源涵养林和水土保持林分布较广,且各功能林种分布较均衡,林种结构更加优化合理;南部清城区和佛冈县各功能林种分布少,公益林质量和价值相对较低。由此得出空间格局生态系统服务价值空间分布大体上均呈现中部>北部>南部的趋势。

The service function of public welfare forest ecosystem is inextricably linked with human welfare and has increasingly become an important part of social economy.In order to give better play to the value of ecosystem services and establish and improve the monitoring system of public welfare forests,this paper takes Qingyuan city,an important ecological barrier in northern Guangdong,as an example to analyze the value and spatial pattern of public welfare forest ecosystem services.The research found that the total value of the public welfare forest in Qingyuan city in 2021 is 91.229 billion yuan·a^(-1)yuan,including water conservation,soil conservation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,nutrient accumulation by trees,atmospheric environment purification,and biodiversity protection,among which water conservation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,and soil conservation rank top three;In terms of forest types,water conservation forest,water and soil conservation forest and natural protection forest(forest in nature reserves)are the top three contributors to the ecosystem service value of the functional forest types of public welfare forests in Qingyuan city,accounting for 80.67%of the total value;From the perspective of counties(cities),Yangshan county and Yingde city in the middle have a higher contribution to the total value of public welfare forest ecosystem services in Qingyuan city,while Qingcheng district and Fogang county in the south have a lower value of public welfare forest ecosystem services;In terms of spatial pattern,the water conservation forests and water and soil conservation forests in the north of Yangshan county,the northwest of Yingde city,and the southeast of Lianzhou city are widely distributed,and the distribution of functional forest species is more balanced,and the forest species structure is more optimized and reasonable;The distribution of functional forest species in Qingcheng district and Fogang county in the south is small,and the quality and value of public welfare forests are relatively low.It is concluded that the spatial distribution of ecosystem service value in spatial pattern generally presents the trend of central>northern>southern.