2016—2021年全国海水鱼病毒性神经坏死病流行情况分析

Epidemiological Analysis on the Marine Fish Viral Nervous Necrosis in China from 2016 to 2021

病毒性神经坏死病(viral nervous necrosis,VNN)是一种在世界范围内广泛流行的海水鱼类传染病,可对多种常见经济鱼类造成危害,给水产养殖业带来巨大经济损失。根据2016—2021年全国海水鱼VNN监测结果,对该病的宿主种类、规格、易感水温和季节、流行区域、发病养殖场类型等方面进行分析发现,该病主要在石斑鱼等海水鱼类苗种中流行,且流行时段长,但主要发生于夏秋水温较高季节,在南方主要海水养殖区域广泛流行。针对VNN在我国的流行规律,提出了加强养殖管理,严格执行苗种检疫,开展VNN免疫学研究等建议,以期为海水鱼VNN的有效防控提供数据支持。

Viral nervous necrosis(VNN)is one of the global infectious marine fish diseases,causing a heavy harm to a variety of commercial fishes and enormous economic loss to aquaculture.Based on the surveillance results from 2016 to 2021,the species,specifications,susceptible water temperature,seasons,prevalent areas,types of infected farms and other factors related to the hosts were analyzed,it was found that the disease was mainly prevalent in grouper and other marine fish species,with long prevalence period,especially in summers and autumns when water temperature was high,and major mariculture areas in southern China.It was recommended,based on the prevalent rule of VNN in China,to strengthen breeding management,strictly implement quarantine for fish breeding,and to carry out further researches on VNN immunology,for the purpose of supporting effective prevention and control of VNN in marine fishes.