浅谈重要疫病对生猪产业的经济影响

Discussion on the Economic Impact of Major Diseases on Pig Industry

生猪养殖是畜牧业的细分板块之一,对我国农业发展起着重要作用;生猪养殖同时也是一项经济活动,其经营好坏决定了猪场的投资回报水平。猪传染病引发猪群健康问题,降低了猪场的产出水平,给猪场带来严重的经济损失,如猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的流行可使猪场总收入下降7%,每头母猪的经济损失达197美元;同时,新冠肺炎疫情的持续流行对生猪产业造成了较大的负面影响,体现在生猪养殖全产业链以及猪肉消费市场上。针对猪群重要疫病,猪场管理者需制定合理的生物安全措施及免疫治疗策略来做好疫病防控,减少因重要疫病导致的经济损失;针对新冠肺炎疫情,主管部门需出台有力的政策调控,平复新冠肺炎疫情对猪场经营、猪肉消费的影响,确保生猪的养殖、销售及猪肉消费等环节正常运行,减少因市场变化导致的猪场经济损失。

Pig farming,as one of the subdivisions of livestock industry,has been playing an important role in China’s agricultural development.It is also considered as an economic activity,so the return on investment to farms was subject to its operation.Pig health problems could be caused by swine infectious diseases,reducing the output level of farms where serious economic losses were encountered.For example,the prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS)could reduce the total income of farms by 7%,and the economic loss per sow could be up to 197 dollars;in addition,the industry was negatively affected by the continuous COVID-19,reflecting in its whole industrial chain and pork consumption markets.For major swine diseases,farm operators should formulate reasonable biosafety measures and immunization strategies to prevent and control the diseases,and thus to reduce possible economic losses caused thereby;for COVID-19,competent authorities should issue strong policies to regulate and remove its impact on farm operation and pork consumption,ensure normal running of pig farming,sale and pork consumption,and to reduce possible economic losses to the farms caused by market changes.