有机氮替代部分无机氮对青海旱地小麦产量及养分积累量的影响

Effect of Organic Nitrogen Replacing Partial Inorganic Nitrogen on Wheat Yield and Nutrient Accumulation in Qinghai Dryland

为探究有机氮替代化肥对小麦产量和养分积累的影响,以青海省农林科学院自育品种青春38号为材料,于2018-2020年进行定位试验,设置不施肥(CK)、单施磷钾肥(PK)、农户常规施肥(FP)、有机氮替代50%无机氮(50%OM)、有机氮替代30%无机氮(30%OM)、有机氮替代10%无机氮(10%OM)共6个处理,采用随机区组设计,研究不同比例有机氮替代无机氮处理对小麦产量的影响,并于2020年分析不同处理对小麦养分积累量的影响。结果表明,从产量上看,所有施肥处理的产量均显著高于CK,其中2018年50%OM处理下小麦产量较高,显著高于其他处理;2019年FP处理下产量最高,与50%OM和10%OM处理之间无显著差异;2020年10%OM处理下小麦产量最高,与50%OM处理之间无显著差异。从养分积累量来看,与CK相比,所有施肥处理下籽粒、秸秆和叶片中的养分积累量均不同程度提高;籽粒中,氮积累量在30%OM处理下最高,磷和钾的积累量在10%OM处理下最高,但这三种养分积累量在10%OM处理与30%OM处理之间均无显著差异;秸秆中,磷积累量在PK处理下最高,与30%OM处理之间无显著差异,氮和钾的积累量在所有处理之间均无显著差异;叶片中,氮积累量在30%OM处理下最高,显著高于CK,磷和钾的积累量在所有处理之间均无显著差异。整体来看,50%OM处理下小麦产量最高;10%OM和30%OM处理下小麦成熟期籽粒养分积累量较高。

In order to explore the effects of organic nitrogen replacing chemical fertilizer on wheat yield and nutrient accumulation, a field experiment was conducted with a self-bred variety Qingchun 38 of Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences from 2018 to 2020.Six treatments were set up: blank control(CK),single application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(PK),farmers’ conventional fertilization(FP),organic fertilizer nitrogen replacing 50% of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen(50%OM),organic fertilizer nitrogen replacing 30% of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen(30%OM),and organic fertilizer nitrogen replacing 10% of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen(10%OM).A randomized block design was used to study the effect of different proportion of organic nitrogen replacement treatments on wheat yield, and their effect on wheat nutrient accumulation were analyzed in 2020.The results showed that the yield of all fertilization treatments was significantly higher than that of CK. The yield of wheat under 50%OM treatment was the highest in 2018,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments. In 2019,FP treatment had the highest yield, but there was no significant difference between 50%OM and 10%OM treatments.In 2020,wheat yield was the highest under 10%OM treatment, but there was no significant difference from that of 50%OM treatment.In terms of nutrient accumulation, compared with CK treatment, the nutrient accumulation in grain, straw and leaves increased to varying degrees under all fertilization treatments. In grains, the nitrogen accumulation was the highest under 30%OM treatment, and the phosphorus and potassium accumulations were the highest under 10%OM treatment. There was no significant difference in the three nutrient accumulations between 10%OM treatment and 30%OM treatment. In straws, there was no significant difference in nitrogen and potassium accumulation among all treatments, while phosphorus accumulation was the highest under PK treatment, but there was no significant difference from that of 30%OM treatment. In leaves, the nitrogen accumulation was the highest under 30%OM treatment, which was significantly higher than that of CK treatment, and there was no significant difference in phosphorus and potassium accumulation among all treatments. Overall, 50%OM treatment had the highest wheat yield;10%OM and 30%OM treatments had higher grain nutrient accumulation at maturity.