再论《黄帝内经》五运六气历法

On the Calendar of Five Circuit Phases and Six Atmospheric Influences in Huangdi Neijing

[目的]明晰《黄帝内经》五运六气历法体系。[方法]在历法体系的框架下,从《黄帝内经》运气七篇原文出发,通过探讨运气历法的归类、东汉四分历和干支太阳历的区分、岁气会同年的真实含义、运气历法不置闰等问题,对中医运气学的历法进行考证。[结果]历法究其天文学背景,分为太阳历、太阴历和阴阳合历三种。从历法的发展和中医运气学的形成而言,东汉四分历和干支太阳历分别属于阴阳合历和太阳历两种不同的历法体系,其历法创制背景和年长有所差别。而中医运气学中“岁气会同年”则依据太阳历的水下漏百刻实录进行划分。此外,运气学说的六气、年和日均由太阳周年视运动决定,其置太阳历的盈闰日,并不置闰月。[结论]中医运气学的历法是干支太阳历。

[Objective]To make clear the calendar of five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences in Huangdi Neijing.[Methods]Under the framework of the calendar system,starting from the original text of Huangdi Neijing,exploring the kind of calendar about five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences,this paper distinguishes the Eastern Han Dynasty quarter calendar and the Ganzhi solar calendar,the true meaning of the Suiqi Huitong year and the calendar of five circuit phases and six atmospheric don’t have leap month and so on,and conducts textual research on the calendar of five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences of traditional Chinese medicine.[Results]According to astronomy background of calendar,it can be divided into:solar calendar,lunar calendar and Yin and Yang calendar.In terms of the development of the calendar and the formation of five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences,the Eastern Han Dynasty calendar and the Ganzhi solar calendar belong to two different calendar systems,the Yin and Yang calendar and the solar calendar respectively,and the background of the calendar creation and the length of one year are different.In five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences,“Suiqi Huitong year”is divided according to the underwater leakage record of the solar calendar.In addition,the six Qi,year and day of the five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences are determined by the anniversary movement of the sun,and the calendar has no leap month.[Conclusion]The calendar of five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences is the Ganzhi solar calendar.