欧洲博士生教育质量保障:生成背景、运行机制与基本类型

Quality Assurance of Doctoral Education in Europe:Generation Background, Operating Mechanism and Basic Types

欧洲高度重视博士生教育,在多重背景下推动质量保障进程。从政策工具视角,欧洲博士生教育质量保障分为权威型、促进型、兼容型三种类型。权威型质量保障侧重国家立法、政府评估和问责;促进型质量保障侧重高等教育机构的自主、自治;兼容型质量保障侧重政府评估、高等教育机构自治的融合。今后提高我国博士生教育质量,应从锚定博士生教育质量“输入”,完善博士生招生制度,强化博士生培养机构的资源供给;提高博士生教育质量“过程”管理能力;重视博士生教育质量“输出”,提高以学术能力、社会化能力为基础的博士生综合能力等方面努力。

Europe attaches great importance to doctoral training and promotes the process of quality assurance of doctoral education in multiple contexts. From the perspective of policy instruments, European quality assurance mechanisms for doctoral education can be divided into authoritative type, promotional type, and compatible type. The authoritative quality assurance focuses on national legislation,government assessment and accountability;the facilitative quality assurance promotes the autonomy and self-governance of higher education institutions;the compatible quality assurance highlights the integration of government assessment and self-governance of higher education institutions. To improve the quality assurance of doctoral education in China, we can start from anchoring the“input”of doctoral education quality, improving the enrollment system of doctoral students and strengthening the resource supply of doctoral training institutions;improving the“process”management ability of doctoral education quality;paying attention to the“output”of doctoral education quality, and improving the comprehensive ability of doctoral students based on academic and socialization ability.