巩膜生物力学改变与青光眼性视神经损伤

Sclera biomechanical changes and optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma

青光眼的主要病理特征是视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)的丧失,从而导致进行性、不可逆性的视力丧失。目前已有研究表明,巩膜的生物力学性质会影响视神经的生物力学变化,并且在RGC损伤和视力丧失的病理过程中起重要作用。因此,巩膜生物力学与青光眼关系的研究对深入了解青光眼的发病机制有着重要的意义。本文就巩膜的生物力学特性、巩膜胶原纤维结构、巩膜重塑、巩膜刚度及通透性与青光眼性视神经损伤的关系进行综述,以利于更深入地了解青光眼性视神经损害的机制,为青光眼的预防和治疗提供新思路。

The main pathological feature of glaucoma is the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGC),which leads to progressive irreversible loss of vision. At present, studies have shown that the biomechanical properties of the sclera would affect the biomechanical changes of the optic nerve and play an important role in the pathological process of RGCs injury and vision loss. Therefore, the study of the relationship between sclera biomechanics and glaucoma is of great significance to further understand the pathogenesis of glaucoma. This article reviews the biomechanical properties of sclera, the structure of scleral collagen fibers, scleral permeability and the relationship between scleral remodeling and glaucoma, in order to better understand the mechanisms of optic nerve damage in glaucoma, providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of glaucoma.