何以可为?深圳应对突发公共危机事件的治理经验

How Could It Be: Management Experience of Public Health Emergencies in Shenzhen

深圳作为国内人口密度最高、流动频繁的超大城市,应对新冠肺炎疫情蔓延面临前所未有的压力,但基于改革开放40多年积累的物质基础和治理体系的结构优势,通过形成精准高效的抗疫政策体系、“一核多元”社区治理体系、坚实的经济基础、科技优势、舆论宣传、法治示范和韧性城市等治理特长,较好应对了公共危机事件的风险治理。网络治理作为合作治理的行动路径,是多元主体参与治理的重要取向。深圳利用市场化配置机制、政企合作机制和志愿机制,调动快递服务业、物业服务业、社会志愿者等多元主体形成治理共同体网络,为网络治理提供了经验观照。深圳的经验表明,提高治理效能实现共建共治共享需要党委政府有序引导实现公共服务供给市场化。同时,深圳注重培育公共精神形成治理的价值认同,激发社会活力避免政府“大包大揽”社会事务,为社会治理体系和治理能力现代化提供了“深圳经验”。

As a mega-city with the highest population density and frequent mobility in China, Shenzhen is facing unprecedented pressure to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic. However, based on the material foundation and structural advantages of its governance system accumulated over 40 years, Shenzhen has given full play to its governance strengths such as the Party committee and government’s decision-making system, public opinion propaganda, rule of law demonstration and resilient city. Under the leadership of the government, the flexible construction of social participation in the governance community network can better cope with the risk management of public emergency events. As an action path of cooperative governance,network governance is an important orientation for multi-subject participation in governance. Shenzhen has made use of institutional empowerment, community empowerment and technological empowerment to mobilize multiple entities such as express delivery service industry, property service industry and social volunteers to form a governance network, providing experience and observation for network governance.The experience of Shenzhen proves that to improve governance efficiency and realize co-construction, cogovernance and co-sharing requires party committees and governments to guide the marketization of public services in an orderly manner, cultivate the public spirit and form the value recognition of governance. The governance model in Shenzhen focuses on stimulating social vitality and avoiding the government taking over social affairs, which provides the “Shenzhen experience” for the modernization of social governance system and governance capacity.