灾害视角下的社区韧性:国际研究进展与启示

Community Resilience from the Perspective of Disasters:International Research Progress and Implications

随着全球灾害风险频发,以韧性理念解决社区、城市甚至国家的灾害风险治理问题成为一个重要议题。社区作为城市治理的基本单元,许多灾害或风险往往首先在社区层面被感知。本文基于灾害视角对国际上关于社区韧性的研究进行梳理发现,不同的研究对于社区韧性的定义不同,但社区韧性本质上是一种抵抗、吸收、适应、恢复的过程而不是结果,其更强调适应性而不是稳定性;社区韧性评估需要考虑关键成功因素,其评估方法可以分为物理的和感知的;社区韧性的提升需要综合考虑物理基础设施和社会资本建设,尤其要注重社会资本在社区韧性提升过程中的作用。通过文献梳理,从实践和理论两个层面提出对我国社区韧性研究的启示以及有待拓展的研究空间。

With the frequent occurrence of disaster risks around the world,it has become an important issue to solve the problem of disaster risk management in communities,cities and even countries with the concept of resilience.As the basic unit of urban governance,many disasters or risks are often first perceived at the community level.This paper reviews international studies on community resilience from the perspective of disasters and finds that different studies have different definitions of community resilience,but it is in essence a process of resistance,absorption,adaptation and recovery rather than a result,emphasizing adaptability rather than stability;community resilience assessment needs to consider key success factors,and its assessment methods can be divided into physical and perceived;the improvement of community resilience requires comprehensive consideration of physical infrastructure and social capital construction,especially the role of social capital in the process of promoting resilience.Through the review of international literature,this paper puts forward the implications for the study of community resilience in China from both practical and theoretical levels and the research space to be expanded.