最低工资标准提高与中国制造企业投入服务化转型——基于全球价值链的视角

Increase of the Minimum Wage and Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises Input Transforming to Servitization——From the Perspective of Global Value Chain

本文将最低工资标准纳入一个包含制造型中间品和服务型中间品的企业局部均衡模型中并提出相关研究假说,然后利用中国制造企业数据和区分贸易方式的投入产出表,基于全球价值链视角测算了高度细化的企业服务增加值率,进而匹配县区层面的最低工资数据,实证检验了最低工资标准的提高对中国制造企业投入服务化转型的影响。研究结果表明:最低工资上调显著促进了企业服务增加值率,这一促进效应更多的是通过推动企业使用国外服务要素、抑制企业使用国内服务要素来实现的;分样本估计结果显示,最低工资上调对企业服务增加值率的影响主要集中在一般贸易企业、外资企业和港澳台企业、中高技能劳动力企业、东部地区企业、劳动和技术密集型企业;从作用机制看,最低工资的提高对企业服务增加值率的影响主要是通过提高生产效率、增加人力资本投资和延伸生产链条来实现的,用工成本上升对于企业服务增加值率存在促进作用;然而上述作用机制在企业国内和国外投入服务化进程中存在异质性差别。本文研究结论能够为劳动力政策调整与制造业高质量发展提供相应的政策参考。

In this paper, a minimum income variable is introduced into a local equilibrium model, which includes intermediate goods and services. Then, we distinguish different trade modes from Chinese manufacturing firms and the input-output table, and measure value-added services at firm-level from the perspective of global value chain, then merge the data with the minimum wage at county or district level to test the impact of minimum wage increase on servitization of Chinese manufacturing firms. We find that the increase significantly rise the value-added services of firms, which emerged from using more foreign services and less domestic services. The effects mainly appears on general trade firms, foreign-funded firms, medium and high skilled labor firms, eastern Chinese firms, labor and technology intensive firms, also the firms funded by Chinese Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan. According to mechanism test, the impact is mainly caused by improvement of production efficiency, human capital investment, and production chain extension. Besides, the increase of labor cost takes a positive effect on the servitization heterogeneously between investment at home and abroad. The conclusions provide policy references about labor adjustment and high-quality development of manufacturing industry.