藏语dmu rmu mu smu de.mu等词的关系研究

Phonetic Analysis of Dmu,Rmu,Mu,Smu and De.Mu in Tibetan Language

在藏族史上,传说聂赤赞普是沿着天神绳梯「dmuthag」降临人间,此天绳「dmuthag」被认为是源自天堂之物。然而,据史书记载,穆氏(dmu)出现于在此之前,且认为穆氏属于神的氏族。如今,从西藏阿里到卫藏,以及安多各地仍留存着「dmuskas」和「dmuthag」文化,此乃同一事物的不同表现,而「dmuthag」是基于羊被视为天堂降世的传说而夸赞羊毛的称呼。在藏语中,吐蕃四大姓氏之一[dmu]有[mu]和[dmu]两种写法,据此形成了[dmuthag][dmuskas]和[dmurdo]等词。本文根据嘉绒和古象雄文化中用[mu]指天空,同时存在使用[dmu]的现象(即[mu]加前加字[de],论证了[dmu][rmu][smu][mu]等是同一词的不同写法,实指天空或天堂。

In Tibetan history,there is a legend that NyatriTsenpo came down from heaven holding DmuThag,and it is believed that DmuThag is a rope in heaven.However,according to the relevant historical books,the traditional surname of Dmuappeared before this legend,moreover,Dmu is a clan belonging to the god.Nowadays,the culture related to DmuSkas and DmuThagis still maintained inmany Tibetan places in MgnaRis,U-Tsang and Amdo.These words originally belong to different phenomenon of the same thing,and DmuThag is a name that praises sheep wool based on the legend that the sheep came from heaven.In Tibetan language,Dmu,which is one of the four ancient Tibetan surnames,was a surname during Tubo Period,and it has two words,based on which words such as DmuThag,DmuSkasand DmuRdo were formed.Mu,together with Dmu was used to refer to the sky in Gyal Rong and Zhang Zhung culture.Thus,it is demonstrated that the words Dmu,Rmu,Smuand Muare different ways of writing the same word,which was used for the sky or heaven.