社会卫生学的视野:“医文学”想象图景下的“陶晶孙”与“陶炽孙”

The Perspective of Social Hygiene:“Tao Jingsun”and“Tao Chisun”under the Imagination of“Medical Literature”

1931年,《民报》(无锡)刊发了的一条“厚生医院院长陶炽孙玩忽业务,致死周静啸夫人”的新闻,事件持续发酵,闹上法庭,导致厚生医院关门整顿。而这位陶炽孙院长在“杀人案”事发一年后,又在《东南医刊》以“东南医学院卫生学教授”的头衔发表了大量普及性的医学文章。时人恐怕不会想到,这位陶炽孙教授就是创造社的陶晶孙。1927年回国后,学医出身的陶晶孙并没有顺应留学生“弃医从文”的大潮,而是在保持医生身份的同时,从社会卫生学的视野出发,审视这些“弃医从文”的新文学家们。本文从陶晶孙对鲁迅医学和文学的双重质疑出发,勾勒出陶晶孙的“医文学”体系。作为实验区主任,陶晶孙通过对“无锡卫生模范区”的卫生学改造,构建了一条用医学造成“较为广大的运动”的路径。同时,经由在以“陶晶孙”为笔名的文学系统和以“陶炽孙”为笔名的医学系统之间的反复横跳,陶晶孙完成了与鲁迅不同的救国与启蒙路径。虽因当时的社会状况及其一直以来的“边缘人”身份,这一想象图景并没有取得很好的效果,但这种“执拗的低音”也向我们展示了新文学主潮外的另一种尝试。

In 1931,Ming Bao Monthly(Wuxi)published a news entitled“Misconduct of the Director of Housheng Hospital Dr.Tao Chisun caused the death of Mrs.Zhou Jingxiao”,the event continues to ferment and go to court,resulting in the Housheng Hospital closed for rectification.One year after the“murder”,Tao Chisun published a large number of popular medical articles in Southeast Medical Journal under the title of“Professor of Health Science in Southeast Medical College”.It may not have occurred to people at that time that Professor Tao Chisun was just Tao Jingsun of the Creative Society.After returning to China in 1927,Tao Jingsun,who had studied medicine,did not follow the trend of“abandoning medicine for literature”.Instead,he examined these new writers who“abandoned medicine for literature”from the perspective of social hygiene while maintaining his identity as a doctor.Based on Tao Jingsun's doubting of Lu Xun's medicine and literature,this paper Outlines Tao Jingsun's“medical literature”system.As the director of the experimental area,Tao Jingsun constructed a path to create a“relatively broad movement”with medicine through the sanitary reform of“Wuxi Sanitary Model Area”.At the same time,through the repeated cross jump between the literary system with the pen name of Tao Jingsun and the medical system with the pen name of Tao Chisun,he completed a different path of national salvation and enlightenment from Lu Xun.Although due to the social situation at that time and his status as a“marginal”,his imaginary picture did not achieve a good effect,but this“stubborn bass”also shows us another attempt outside the main trend of new literature.