星形胶质细胞-小胶质细胞交互作用及其在阿尔兹海默病中的研究进展

Research Progress on the Interaction between Astrocytemicroglia and Its Roles in Alzheimer’s Disease

星形胶质细胞-小胶质细胞的相互作用是神经科学领域的研究热点,与多种神经退行性疾病的发生密切相关。二者通过释放信号分子,在中枢神经系统(central Nervous System,CNS)损伤或损伤期间建立自分泌反馈以及双向对话,实现紧密的相互调节,其在阿尔兹海默病(alzheimer’s disease,AD)的病理改变中具有重要作用。星形胶质细胞可调节小胶质细胞的表型以及小胶质细胞的迁移和吞噬;小胶质细胞也可以影响星形胶质细胞的固有免疫功能,调控反应性星形胶质细胞的功能。文章就星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞相互作用的研究进展进行总结、分析,并对其在AD中的作用机制予以整理、探讨,以期为深入认识星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的相互关系,及其在AD中发挥的作用提供参考和思路。

The interaction between astrocytes and microglia is a research hotspot in the field of neuroscience and is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. By releasing signal molecules,they establish autocrine feedback and two-way dialogue during central nervous system(CNS)injury,which plays an essential role in the pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Astrocytes can regulate the phenotype,as well as migration and phagocytosis of microglia;microglia can also regulate the innate immune function of astrocytes and determine the function of reactive astrocytes. This article summarizes and analyzes the research progress of the interaction between astrocytes and microglia,and sorts out and discusses its mechanism of action in Alzheimer’s disease,with a view to in-depth understanding the relationship between astrocytes and microglia and its role in AD provide reference and ideas.