2010-2020年河南省手足口病流行病学及病原学特征

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease in Henan province,2010-2020

目的掌握2010-2020河南省手足口病流行病学和病原学特征,为制定更加科学、有效的手足口病防控策略提供依据。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制中心传染病报告信息管理系统”选取河南省2010-2020年所有手足口病报告信息,采用描述性流行病学方法分析其流行病学及病原学特征。结果2010-2020年河南省共报告手足口病病例908581例,年均报告发病率为87.14/10万;累计报告重症病例数31901例,重症比例为3.51%;累计报告死亡病例187例,重症病例病死率为0.59%。发病时间呈现单峰模式,流行季节为4-7月;男女比例为1.58∶1,发病年龄集中在5岁以下(95.85%),以散居儿童和幼托儿童居多(97.84%)。年均发病率前3个市为济源市、焦作市和濮阳市,分别为257.17/10万、126.57/10万和123.84/10万。病原学监测结果显示,优势病原EV71构成比由2010年的69.84%下降到2020年的11.10%,其他肠道病毒由2010年的24.65%上升到2020年的85.04%,CA16由2010年的5.51%上升到2019年的34.94%(经趋势性χ~2检验,P均<0.001)。结论河南省手足口病的流行具有明显的时间、地区、人群分布和病原学特点,应在高发季节、针对重点人群开展综合防控措施,有效预防手足口病的发生。

Objective To investigate epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Henan province between 2010 and 2020,so that scientific evidence could be provided for prevention and control of HFMD.Methods The data of HFMD cases from 2010 to 2020 were extracted from the National Notifiable Infections Diseases Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2010-2020,a total of 908581 cases of HFMD were reported in Henan,with an average annual incidence of 87.14 cases per 100000 people.A total of 31901 severe cases were reported and the proportion of severe case was 3.51%.In total,187 deaths were reported,and of the severe cases,the case fatality rate was0.59%.There was one peak of HFMD incidence throughout the year between April-July.The cases mainly occurred in infants aged≤5 years(95.85%),and more boys were affected than girls(1.58∶1),and most cases were scattered-lived children and children in kindergarten(97.84%).The top three cities with the highest average annual incidence of HMFD were Jiyuan,Jiaozuo and Puyang.Pathogen surveillance showed that the predominant pathogen was changed from EV71 to other enteroviruses.The proportion of EV71 decreased,whereas the proportion of other enteroviruses and CA16 increased(all P<0.001).Conclusions the prevalence of HFMD in Henan has obvious temporal,region,population distribution and pathogenic characteristics,so that comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent HFMD,especially in high incidence seasons and key population.