教练员领导行为对运动员运动表现的影响:心理准备和运动焦虑的中介作用

Effects of coaches’leadership behaviors on athletes’sports performance:The mediating role of psychological preparation and sports anxiety

教练员领导行为是影响运动员心理素质、竞技水平的关键要素,厘清教练员领导行为与运动员运动表现的关系,对促进科学系统训练、提升运动员竞技水平具有重要意义。通过构建教练员领导行为与运动员运动表现的关系模型,采用分层抽样方法对北京先农坛体校和什刹海体校运动员进行调查,并运用回归分析对调查结果进行实证。结果显示:专制领导行为、民主领导行为、训练指导行为、社会支持行为、积极反馈行为对运动表现都具有显著的正向影响;心理准备在教练员领导行为和运动员运动表现之间存在显著的中介作用;运动焦虑在民主领导行为、社会支持行为、积极反馈行为对运动员运动表现之间存在显著的中介作用,而在专制领导行为和训练指导行为对运动员运动表现的中介效应不显著。研究表明,教练员的不同领导行为及方式对提高运动员运动表现具有不同效果。教练员应及时调整运动员心理准备,降低运动员心理焦虑,提升运动员心理素质,促进运动员自我价值提升,进而促使运动员获得更好的运动表现。

Coaches’leadership behavior is a key element that affects athletes’psychological quality and competitive level.It is important to clarify the relationship between coaches’leadership behaviors and athletes’sports performance,which is significant to promote scientific and systematic training and improve sports performance for athletes.This study constructed a model of the relationship between leadership behaviors and sports performance,using a stratified sampling method to investigate athletes in Beijing Xiannongtan Sports School and Shichahai Sports School,and using regression analysis to empirically analyze the relevant results.The results showed that:authoritarian leadership behavior,democratic leadership behavior,training guidance behavior,social support behavior,and positive feedback behavior all had significant positive effects on athletic performance;psychological preparation had a significant mediating effect between coaches’leadership behavior and athletes’sports performance;sports anxiety had a significant mediating effect between democratic leadership behavior,social support behavior,and positive feedback behavior on athletic performance,while the mediating effect between authoritarian leadership behavior and training guidance behavior on sports performance was not significant.Based on this,it was concluded that different sports leadership behaviors and styles of coaches have different effects on improving athletes’sports performance,and therefore,coaches should adjust athletes’psychological preparation in time,reduce athletes’psychological anxiety,improve athletes’psychological quality,promote athletes’self-worth,and promote athletes’to get better sports performance.