油气地球物理勘探回顾与展望

A review and prospect of oil and gas geophysical exploration

地球物理勘探是获取地下油气资源信息的重要手段和核心技术,是油气勘探开发部署决策的重要依据。聚焦国家关于能源资源安全保障的决策部署,近二十年来,在国家科技专项、地质调查项目等的支持下,物化探所先后在青藏高原、东北、长江下游、柴达木等地区开展了一系列油气、页岩气地球物理勘查工作,在构建重要盆地地层和构造格架、油气资源评价和有利区优选等方面取得重要进展,支撑服务了多口地质调查井井位优选,在重要断裂的位置和空间展布、重要盆地的形成演化、沿江对冲带空间位置、郯庐断裂是否南延等基础地质问题研究方面取得新认识,形成了青藏高原、火山岩覆盖区、双复杂区等油气地球物理勘探关键技术。通过总结近二十年的油气地球物理勘探工作,提出了物化探所今后油气地球物理工作的发展趋势和主要研究方向,强调应重点探索新领域、新类型、新深度、老区新层系油气勘探潜力,攻关重磁电震联合反演等关键地球物理勘探技术,致力于构建复杂构造带油气地球物理探测体系。

Geophysical exploration technology is an important method and core technology to obtain the information of underground oil and gas resources.It is an important basis for the deployment of oil and gas exploration and development.Focusing on the national decisions and deployments on energy and resources security,in the past two decades,the geophysical and geochemical exploration institute(IGGE)of China geological survey has successively carried out a series of geophysical exploration of oil and gas,and shale gas in the Qinghai Tibet plateau,northeast China,the lower reaches of the Yangtze river,and Qaidam areas.Important progress has been made in the construction of important basin strata and structural framework,oil and gas resource evaluation and favorable area optimization,which has supported and served the well location optimization of numerous geological survey wells.And new recognitions have been gained in the research of the location and spatial distribution of important faults,the formation and evolution of major basins,the spatial location of the Yangtze river hedge belt,and the extending direction of the Tanlu Fault.A set of key technologies of oil and gas geophysical exploration that is suitable for the Qinghai tibet plateau,the volcanic rock covered area,and the complex structural area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river has been formed.By summarizing the oil and gas geophysical exploration work in the past 20 years,the development trend and main research direction of the future oil and gas geophysical work of IGGE are put forward.It is emphasized that the exploration potential of oil and gas in new fields,new types,new depths,and new strata in old areas should be emphatically explored.Some key geophysical exploration technologies such as combined inversion of gravity,magnetic,electric and seismic should be tackled to construct an oil and gas geophysical exploration system in complex structural zones.