我国覆盖区矿产资源地球化学勘查方法研究进展

Advances in geochemical exploration methods of mineral resources in China

随着我国经济社会的高速发展与矿产资源供需矛盾的突出,突破覆盖区找矿技术瓶颈变得尤为重要。近十五年来,我国覆盖区矿产资源地球化学勘查方法在基础理论研究、方法技术标准化、示范应用推广等方面,取得长足发展:(1)地表介质中捕获到来自深部矿体的纳米金属颗粒,为覆盖区地球化学找矿勘查提供了直接微观证据;(2)土壤细粒级全量测量因操作简单和异常重现性较好,逐渐成为“穿透覆盖层”的一种有效技术手段;(3)地电化学技术进入更新迭代期,在已知矿外围覆盖区勘查中取得了较好的找矿效果;(4)引入并发展了热磁组分测量技术,经示范应用实证了该技术在运积物覆盖区地球化学勘查中的可行性与实用性;(5)颁布了浅钻地球化学测量行业标准,为绿色勘查提供了技术支撑。尽管覆盖区矿产资源地球化学勘查方法研究取得了如上进展,但成矿物质从深部到浅部的迁移机理以及在地表介质中的赋存形态仍需进一步研究。

With the rapid development of economy and society in China and the contradiction between supply and demand of mineral resources,it is very important to break through the bottleneck of prospecting technology.In the past 15 years,the methods and techniques of geochemical exploration in the coverage areas have been further developed in the aspects of standardization,interpretation of principles and demonstration and application studies.(1)Metal nanoparticles trapped in surface media from deep orebodies provide microscopic evidence for geochemical exploration in the coverage areas.(2)Because of the advantages of easy operation and good anomalous reproducibility,the measurement of fine-grained soil can be used as an effective technical means to detect concealed ore bodies below the cap rock.(3)The geoelectrochemistry technology has entered the renewal iteration period and achieved breakthrough in prospecting in the coverage areas of the known copper-nickel and lead-zinc ore areas.(4)Thermal magnetic component measurement is introduced and the technology of thermal magnetic extraction is further developed,which can meet the needs of batch sample processing and be applied in production investigation,and the validity and practicability of the technique are verified.(5)The effectiveness of short-hole drilling geochemical survey in the overlying area has been confirmed,and the industry standard has been promulgated.In spite of the progress made in the geochemistry methods,the migration mechanism of ore-forming materials from deep to shallow,and their occurrence patterns in surface media still require to be further studied.