河流环境DNA科学图谱及其主题演变

Scientific Mapping and Thematic Evolution of River Environmental DNA

人类活动不断对河流生态系统产生影响,并且施加了巨大的压力。为了制定有效措施缓解河流生态系统的压力,需要获得大量有效的河流水生生物信息。环境DNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)技术作为近期环境科学的研究热点,是监测河流水生生物的有效工具。本文选取了Web of Science数据库(Web of Science Database,WOS)中1990—2020年的2151篇相关文献进行数据挖掘及其可视化分析。河流eDNA研究的发文量逐年递增,在不同时期该研究领域具有不同的研究热点,研究重心逐渐从水生微生物的研究转向更广泛的生态监测、河流管理等方面。关键词频次分析表明,“biodiversity”“conservation”“metabarcoding”是河流eDNA研究持续的研究热点。学科方向的占比变化表明,河流eDNA在微生物学中的研究占比已经大大降低。在国际合作方面,美国是国际合作文章数量最多的国家,但是瑞士、法国、西班牙与他国合作数量占比却位于前列。eDNA技术在收集河流信息方面简单有效,其应用越来越多地应用于河流入侵物种调查、渔业和河流保护,从而可以为决策者应对环境变化的干预和管理活动提供信息支持。

Human activities are constantly impacting river ecosystems with tremendous pressure.In order to develop scientific and effective measures to alleviate the pressure on river ecosystems,information on river organisms needs to be obtained.The technology of environmental DNA(eDNA),as one of research hotspots in environmental science,is an effective tool for monitoring river organisms.In this paper,we selected 2151 relevant papers in Web of Science Database(WOS)from 1990 to 2020 to perform data mining and visualization analysis.The number of research articles on river eDNA has been increasing annually with the constant changing of research hotspots in this field,in which the research focus has shifted gradually from aquatic microorganisms to ecological monitoring and river management.The frequency analysis of keywords showed that“biodiversity”,“conservation”and“metabarcoding”continues to be the research hotspot,as they have the highest frequency among keywords.The change in the percentage of subject orientation indicates that the proportion of river eDNA studies in microbiology has been reduced significantly.The United States had the largest number of international cooperation articles.Switzerland,France,and Spain ranked highest in the ratio of collaborative articles with other countries among the total number of articles in their own countries.The eDNA technology,increasingly being utilized in river invasive species surveys,fish farming and river protection,is an effective tool which gathers river information to provide information to support decision makers in their interventions and management activities in response to environmental change.