柴油车排放颗粒物在人体呼吸道沉积特征的模拟研究

A Simulation Study on Deposition of Particulate Matter from Diesel Vehicles in Human Respiratory Tract

柴油车会排放出不同化学性质和粒径的颗粒物,颗粒物会引起人呼吸系统的各种问题,但不同粒径大小的颗粒物在人肺部的沉积仍需要进一步阐明。本文使用DLPI对高原地区柴油机排放的颗粒物进行分级采样,使用多路径粒子剂量测量模型模拟估算不同呼吸模式、生理状态和年龄下,不同粒径的柴油车排放颗粒物在人呼吸系统中不同部位的沉积分数。结果表明,颗粒物沉积在肺区域,往往多于头部和气管及支气管区域。不同年龄段的人呼吸系统的各个部位的沉积分数存在着明显差异,8岁儿童的呼吸系统的沉积分数较其他年龄段高;运动与休息状态相比,沉积分数有着明显的增加;鼻呼吸也比嘴呼吸更利于颗粒物的沉积。颗粒物质量浓度的差异,对颗粒物的沉积并没有太大影响。

Diesel vehicles emit particulate matter with different chemical properties and particle sizes,which will cause various problems to the human respiratory system,but the deposition of particles with different sizes in the human lung still needs further explanation.In this paper,the particulate matter emitted by diesel engine in plateau area was sampled by using DLPI device,and the deposition fractions of particles with different sizes in different parts of the human respiratory system under different breathing patterns,physiological states and ages were simulated and estimated by using the multi-path particle dose measurement model.The results showed that the particulate matter is more easily deposited in the lung area more than the head,trachea and bronchial area.The deposition fractions are significantly different in various parts of the respiratory system of people of different ages,and the deposition fractions of 8-year-old children are higher than those in other age groups.The deposition fractions in exercise increased significantly compared with the rest state.As well as the deposition of particles under the nasal breathing are also more conductive than the mouth breathing.But the concentration difference of particulate matter has little impact on the deposition of particulate matter.