纳米材料对微藻的生态毒性效应及机理

Ecological Effects and Toxic Mechanisms of Nanomaterials to Microalgae

纳米材料因具有界面效应、尺寸效应和隧道效应等特点被广泛应用于污染环境修复领域,但在修复污染物的同时残存于环境中的纳米材料可以通过诸多途径进入水体,且与微生物、浮游微藻和有机质等相互作用后可能导致生态平衡被破坏,其对生态环境的影响和潜在威胁不容忽视。本文总结了常见纳米材料及其与有机物、重金属等的联合作用对微藻的生态毒性,在此基础上分析了颗粒粒径、颗粒浓度及环境因素等对纳米材料毒性的影响,探讨了纳米材料对微藻的致毒机理,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为纳米材料环境毒理学领域的研究提供参考和借鉴。

Nanomaterials have been widely used in the field of environmental remediation due to their interfacial effect,size effect and tunneling effect.However,the nanomaterials residues enter the aquatic environment by multiple pathways,which might lead to the destruction of ecological balance because their interactions with microorganisms,planktonic microalgae and organic matters.Thus,the influences and potential threats of nanomaterials to the ecological environment should not be ignored.This review summarizes the ecotoxicity of the common nanomaterials and their combination with other substances(organic matters,heavy metals,etc.)on microalgae,and the effects of nanoparticle sizes,nanoparticle concentrations,environmental factors and microalgae diversities.In addition,the review also explores the toxic mechanisms of nanomaterials on microalgae and puts forward future research directions.It is hoped to provide reference for the research of environmental toxicology of nanomaterials.