重金属污染物及其复合暴露的生物效应及机制研究进展

Research Progress on Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Pollutants and Their Combined Exposure

随着工业生产活动的快速发展,重金属污染已经成为不可忽视的环境问题。重金属作为一类持久性的污染物,能够在环境中长期存在,并与其他污染物相互作用从而对生物体造成影响。目前,单一重金属的毒理效应及致毒机理已开展系统研究,但多种重金属复合暴露的毒性效应及分子研究仍较为匮乏。本文归纳了近年来重金属复合暴露对不同生物模型的毒性作用,发现复合重金属引起的毒理效应与复合重金属种类、数量、浓度、暴露时间和受试模型有关,阐释了复合暴露通过改变重金属在生物体内吸收、累积以及与生物大分子作用影响其毒性效应的分子机制。基于目前的研究现状,我们认为未来的重金属复合毒性研究应更加注重环境相关性,引入新的检测技术和生物信息学的分析方法,进一步深入挖掘重金属复合致毒的物理化学和生物学机制。

With the rapid development of modern industry,heavy metal pollution has become a serious threat to the environment.Due to the persistent nature,heavy metals can interact with other pollutants in the environment and cause adverse effects on living organisms.The biological effects of single heavy metals have been systematically studied,but there is a lack of research on the mechanisms of the joint toxicity from heavy metal co-exposure.In this review,we summarized the effects of heavy metal co-exposures on different models,and found them related to heavy metal combination,dose,and exposure time.Generally speaking,heavy metal co-exposure can cause altered uptake and accumulation of heavy metals by organisms and their interaction with biological molecules.Based on the current state of research,we suggest that future work on the toxicity of heavy metal co-exposure should focus on the environmental relevance of experiment design.New analytical tools and research methods based on bioinformatics are needed to further explore the physicochemical and biological mechanisms of joint toxicity of heavy metals.