基于避难弱者需求视角的县域避难场所规划研究-以长宁“6·17”地震灾后调研为例

County Shelter Planning from the Perspective of the Demands of the Vulnerable——Based on the Survey of the 6·17 Changning Earthquake

县域避难场所规划建设薄弱,灾后老年人等避难弱者的需求不能得到充分满足。长宁“6·17”地震发生后,笔者赴灾区调研,对老人、妇女、儿童等避难弱者进行访谈,深入了解避难弱者的避难经历、对避难场所的认知及相关需求,总结避难弱者在灾后初期、中期、后期阶段的需求变化及对避难空间的诉求。在避难弱者需求视角下提出县域避难场所规划提升措施,包括建立避难弱者数据库、优化避难场所选址、提高避难场所建设标准、加强对避难弱者“定制化”的防灾宣传和避难引导等,以保障避难弱者的生命安全,提升避难生活质量。

Refuge demands of the vulnerable in county are not fully met during post-disaster phases due to the weak construction of shelters.After the 6·17 Changning Earthquake,we interviewed the elderly,women,children and other groups in disaster area for deeply understanding the experience of the vulnerable,their cognition and needs of shelters.Next,the refuge demands of the vulnerable during post-disaster phases were summarized into three stages:the early,middle and late.In this paper,in order to protect the vulnerable and improve their quality of life during post-disaster phase,then,the improvement measures plan of the shelter in county were proposed based on the refuge demands of the vulnerable,including establishing the database of the vulnerable,optimizing the location of shelters,improving the construction standards of emergency shelters,strengthening the special publicity of disaster prevention and refuge guidance to the vulnerable.