收入增长、收入差距与农村减贫效应——基于CFPS农村家庭数据的实证研究

Income Growth,Income Gap and Poverty Reduction Effect in Rural Areas:An Empirical Study Based on the Data of Rural Households from CFPS

基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)农村家庭数据,采用“识别-增长-分配”三成分分析框架和洛伦兹曲线量化分解方法,综合分析经济增长中收入增长和收入差距对农村减贫效应的影响。相对贫困动态识别和量化分解结果显示:农村相对贫困减缓的主要原因是收入差距扩大部分抵消了增长的减贫效应;对于低收入人群而言,分配因素对减贫效应的影响更重要。分收入来源实证分析显示:转移净收入的减贫贡献率不断增加,当设定更低的相对贫困标准时,转移净收入的贡献值及份额更高,扶贫效率随时间也不断提高。益贫式增长指数测算结果表明:经济增长方式持续促进农村减贫,农村贫困人口主要从经济增长的涓滴效应中受益。因此,应继续实施精准帮扶政策,增加农民转移净收入,提高经济增长益贫水平。

Based on the data from the China Household Tracking Survey(CFPS)on rural households,the article comprehensively analyzes the impact of income growth and income gap on rural poverty reduction effect by using a three-component analysis framework of“identification-growth-distribution”and Lorenz curve decomposition method.The results of the dynamic identification and quantitative decomposition of relative poverty show that the main reason for the slowdown of relative poverty in rural areas is that the widening of income gap partially offsets the growth of poverty reduction effect.For the low-income group,the impact of distributional factors on the poverty reduction effect is more important.The empirical analysis by income source shows that the contribution rate of net transfer income to poverty reduction has been increasing,and when a lower relative poverty standard is set,the contribution value and share of net transfer income become higher,and the efficiency of poverty reduction has been increasing over time.The measurement results of the pro-poor growth index show that the approach of economic growth is beneficial to poverty reduction,and the poor in rural areas mainly benefit from the trickle-down effect of economic growth.Therefore,we should continue to implement targeted poverty reduction policies to increase the net transfer income of farmers and improve the pro-poor level of economic growth.