句法语义错位现象中范畴转换的转喻机制

The metonymic mechanism in the transformation of categories in syntax-semantics mismatches

语法分析的根本目的就是要揭示句法和语义之间的关系,尤其是要合理解释句法语义的错位现象。错位现象是语言系统自身缺省的基本特征,源于语言系统的开放性,其本质是非范畴化,具体体现为特定句法成分的功能与范畴的转移。从微观的角度讲,非范畴化的基础是转喻。从宏观的角度讲,语言系统的开放性、语言表达式的图式性和语法结构的象征性决定了语法具有转喻的性质。因此,转喻机制理应能够为句法语义错位现象提供有说服力的解释。本研究分别从形名组合、间接指称、数的转化等三个方面探讨了转喻机制在调解相关句法成分非范畴化中的重要作用。

The focus of linguistic research is to reveal the relation between syntax and semantics,especially to explain the mismatch between syntax and semantics.This kind of mismatch is the characteristic of the default of language system,and it is a result of the incompleteness of language system.In nature,mismatch is a type of decategorization,which is embedded in the transformation of some syntactic function and category.Narrowly speaking,metonymy is the basis of decategorization;broadly speaking,the incompleteness of language system,the schematicity of linguistic expressions and the symbolic nature of grammatica l structure determine the metonymic nature of grammar.Therefore,metonymic mechanism is supposed to provide reasonable explanations to different kinds of syntax-semantics mismatches.This article provides some evidence in this regard from three perspectives:the combination between adjectives and nouns,indirect reference and the transformation between accountability and unaccountability of nouns.