沈葆桢督江时期的南北洋关系(1875-1879)

The relationship between Nanyang and Beiyang during Shen Baozhen’s term as governor of Liangjiang(1875-1879)

沈葆桢总督两江期间,是湘系督抚把持江督和南洋大臣的间隔时期,亦是南北洋关系变动的关键时期。其间,南洋无论在筹建近代水师,还是在协饷北洋淮军、整顿江南制造总局和轮船招商局局务上,均能与北洋和衷共济,支持北洋,即使偶有分歧,仍合作居多。在海防塞防之争中,沈葆桢虽表示将持平相待,但实则偏向北洋。但在吴淞铁路案的交涉上,沈葆桢主张强硬,李鸿章则主张周旋,沈、李的外交态度,凸显南北洋关系的分歧。沈葆桢督江期间,北洋洋务、海防逐渐后来居上,对晚清内外权力格局的变动产生重大影响。

Shen Baozhen’s term as governor of Liangjiang was not only the interval of the Hunan officials monopolized Liangjiang governor and Nanyang minister,but also the key period for the change of relations between Nanyang and Beiyang.During this period,Nanyang was able to work with and support Beiyang in preparing for the establishment of the modern navy,assisting in the payment of the Beiyang Huai army,reorganizing the Jiangnan manufacturing Bureau and the ship investment promotion bureau.Even if there were occasional differences,they mostly cooperated.In the battle of coastal defense and frontier defense,Shen Baozhen said that he would treat each other equally,but in fact he preferred Beiyang.However,in the negotiation of the Wusong railway case,Shen Baozhen advocated being tough,while Li Hongzhang advocated dealing with each other.The diplomatic attitude of Shen and Li highlighted the differences in the relations between the Nanyang and Beiyang.During Shen Baozhen’s supervision of the Nanyang,the westernization and coastal defense of the Beiyang gradually came from behind,which had a significant impact on the changes of the internal and external power pattern in late Qing Dynasty.