中国种子产业:成就、挑战和发展思路

Seed Industry in China:Achievements,Challenge and Future Development

政府历来高度重视农作物育种体系建设和新品种的选育,建立了国际上最大的以政府为主导的育种研发体系。但本世纪以来,以课题组为单位的公共育种研发体系难以适应现代种业科技创新发展的要求,形不成分工明确、上中下游一体化的现代生物育种产业创新体系。虽然国家出台一系列改革措施促进种业的发展,但由于现有的体制始终未能解决甚至混淆公共研发机构的公益性职能和企业商业性科技创新之间相辅相成的作用,不仅影响了新品种的重大科技创新,更影响了种子企业做大做强的政策初衷。为此,提出要深化种业创新体系的体制机制改革,建立适应现代生物育种技术与产业发展的中国种业科技创新体系等政策建议。

The Chinese government has always put a high value on crop breeding system and the selection and breeding of new crop varieties,and has set up the greatest,government-led breeding research and development(R&D)system in the world.However,since the beginning of this century,it has been difficult for the public breeding R&D system based on individual research teams and belonging to different institutions to adapt to the demands of modern seeding technological innovation,particularly,there is no clear division of work,the upper,middle and down streams of modern biological breeding systems are integrated.Though the Chinese government has issued reform measures to promote the seed industry,however,the existing system has failed to resolve the respective and appropriate roles of public and private sectors,and as a result,there is no major breakthrough in new varieties innovation and the original policy intention of making seed enterprises bigger and stronger can hardly achieved.Therefore,this paper put forward suggestions on policy recommendations,particularly on deepening the institutional and incentive reforms of the current seed R&D and industry towards a modern and innovative biological breeding industry.