《义务教育法》对农村教育代际传递的影响

Effects of Compulsory Education Law on Intergenerational Transmission of Education in Rural China

基于一套独特的中国农村家族调查数据,同时借助《义务教育法》实施时间在省份间的差异及该法对子代出生队列的外生影响,实证估计该法对于农村教育代际传递的影响。通过区分该法的实施对实现农村教育代际传递的先天效应与培养效应产生的不同影响,分析发现,《义务教育法》的实施强化了由先天效应实现的农村教育代际传递,抑制了由培养效应实现的农村教育代际传递。在进一步的异质性分析与机制分析中,发现由培养效应实现的农村教育代际传递的弱化,主要是《义务教育法》对于女孩群体以及父母受教育水平、职业层次、收入水平较低的弱势群体起作用的结果。

Drawing on a unique set of Chinese rural family data,this paper empirically estimates the impact of the Compulsory Education Law(CEL)on the intergenerational transmission of education in rural China by virtue of temporal and geographical variations in the implementation of the law and the exogenous impact of the law on sub-generation.This paper creatively distinguishes the different impacts of the CEL on the nature effect and nurture effect which are the two channels of realizing intergenerational transmission of education in rural China.We find that in rural China,the CEL has strengthened the intergenerational transmission of education realized by the nature effect,while weakened the intergenerational transmission of education realized by the nurture effect.The heterogeneity tests suggest that the weakened nurture effect is mainly attributed to the effect of the CEL on the girls′group as well as on the vulnerable group with lower parental education,occupational,and income level.