中国南方丘陵地区农机社会化服务现状与发展分析

The Current Status and Development Analysis of Social Serivice of Agricultural Machinery in China

在我国的农业发展中,农业机械一直扮演着不可替代的角色,在农机市场蓬勃发展的同时,农机应用与服务仍存在问题。在农忙之后,规模化种植农户的农机基本闲置,而小型农户却购机用机难。为此,一种新型农机使用方式悄然兴起,即农机社会化服务,将耕整地、种植(播种或移栽)、施肥、灌溉、植保、收获、秸秆还田等环节中一个或者多个环节的作业交给农机专业户或农机合作组织,由农机组织使用相应的农业机械来完成作业,并收取一定费用。以水稻、小麦机械收获为主的“跨区作业”现象是我国典型的农机社会化服务。目前,我国农机社会化服务组织越来越壮大,服务重点逐渐从耕地、收获环节向耕、种、灌溉、植保、收获全生产周期发展。如何规范农机社会化服务,使农机所有者与农机使用者达到利益最大化,成为下一步值得深思的问题。因此,分析了我国农机社会化服务的现状与发展趋势,对农机社会化规范服务、提高经济效益与社会效益提出了建议与意见。

During the development of Chinese agriculture, agricultural machinery has always been playing an important role. Whereas the prosperity of agricultural machinery market, still has been some problems within the application and service of agricultural machinery. After the harvest in summer, most machines are of no use on major farmlands while minor peasants can not afford even one machine. Therefore, a new style of machinery application has emerged, i.e. social service of agricultural machinery, which integrate different loops of farm work as a package and hand it over to some machine owners or renters at cost, including tillage and cultivating, planting(semination or transplanting), fertilizing, irrigation, plant protection, reaping, mulching or reclaiming. The harvest of rice and wheat is fulfilled by across-area service and hence recognized as typical social service of agricultural machinery. At present, more and more organizations have generated with readiness to apply agricultural machinery service from not only cultivating and harvest to but also all the production periods during plant growing. Thereby, how to regulate this type of service nad bring the interest of owners or renters into maximum has become the problem of next step. This paper concludes the current status and analyzes the development trend of social service of agricultural machinery in China and proposes suggestions towards how to manage the service at higher beneficial result.