摘要
The motion of a projectile impact onto a granular target results in both the resistance force exerted on the projectile and rheology of granular media.A horizontal arrangement of cylinder quasistatically and dynamically intruding into granular media under different velocities and angles is simulated using discrete element method.Three distinguished drag force regimes are exhibited,including hydrostatic-like force independent of velocity,viscous force related to velocity,and inertial drag force proportional to the square of velocity.Meanwhile,the influence of penetration angles on drag force is examined for these three regimes,and a force model,which is related to penetration depth and angle,is proposed for quasi-static penetration.Then,flow characteristics of the granular media,such as velocity field,pressure field,packing fraction etc.,are traced,and a rheology model of packing fraction and inertial number is established.
基金
support for this work from National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.11502104,11872029,12172156)
Ministry of Education,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.lzujbky-2021-56)
the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(grant No.17JR5RA206).
