父母受教育水平对5~6岁幼儿社会适应的影响——有调节的中介模型

The Correlations between Parental Educational Level and Social Adaptation of Children Aged 5~6——A Moderated Mediation Model

为探究父母的受教育水平、幼儿言语能力、幼儿性别对幼儿社会适应的影响机制,本研究对全国儿童入学成熟水平标准化测量数据库中的1478名5~6岁幼儿的数据进行分析。研究发现,5~6岁幼儿言语能力在父母受教育水平与幼儿社会适应的关系中起完全中介作用;父母受教育水平对5~6岁幼儿社会适应的路径中言语能力所起的中介作用具有性别差异,女孩起完全中介作用;男孩的言语能力起部分中介作用。研究建议家长要关注幼儿的主体地位、关注言语能力与性别差异,调整家庭教育方式。家长家庭教育的过程中应关注幼儿言语能力在提高幼儿社会适应方面的有效价值。对于女孩,家长要发挥女孩在认知与言语功能上的优势,与女孩实现有效沟通回馈;对于男孩,家长要减少过度期待,鼓励男孩表达,注重言传身教,发挥榜样的作用。

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which the educational level of parents,and the verbal ability and gender of their children influenced the child’s social adjustment.This study analysed data from 1,478 children aged between five to six from the National Standardized Database of Children’s School Maturity.It found that the verbal ability and the social adjustment of young children fully mediated parental education level;a gender difference in the mediating role of verbal ability on the social adaptation path of 5~6-year-old children was observed,with boys experiencing only partial mediation while in girls the mediation was complete.The study suggests that parents note these differences and adapt their educational approach by recognizing differences in gender development.Parents should guide girls to construct a language systems consistent with their own personality and teach social adjustment through verbal communication;excessive expectations on boys should be avoided and boys benefit from learning by example and parental role modeling to improve their children’s social adjustment skills.