一种关于类主体的价值之辨——从批判西方共同体主义到构建人类命运共同体

A Distinction About the Value of Human Subject:From Criticizing Western Communitarianism to Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

人类命运共同体理念是马克思主义类哲学在世界百年未有之大变局下对全球问题的积极回应,内蕴着对全人类相互依存、命运与共的价值关照。作为同样围绕类主体展开的理论创制,西方共同体主义与人类命运共同体理念的最终价值指向却大相径庭。西方共同体主义破除了类主体的个体主义局限却忽视了类本质的差异性和开放意义,将人局限在单一共同体的桎梏内,最终走入狭隘民族主义的价值困局。人类命运共同体理念则站在世界历史整体发展的高度上认识到了类主体差异性背后的超越意义,在自由自觉的实践基础上设计出人类向未来真正共同体生活过渡的现实方案。推动构建人类命运共同体,需要发挥类自觉,在历史主动中把握人类发展大潮流;需要凝聚类共识,在包容并蓄中弘扬全人类共同价值;需要重塑类关系,在团结协作中构造新型国际关系;需要确立类秩序,在胸怀天下中变革全球治理体系。

The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind is a positive response of Marxist philosophy to global problems under the unprecedented changes in the world in a century,and contains the value of interdependence and common destiny of all mankind.As a theoretical creation that also revolves around the subject of human,the ultimate value orientation of Western communitarianism and the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind are quite different.Western communitarianism breaks through the limitations of individualism of quasisubjects but ignores the difference and open significance of the essence of quasi-subjects,confines people to the shackles of a single community,and eventually leads to the value dilemma of narrow nationalism.The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind recognizes the transcendent significance behind the differences of similar subjects from the perspective of the overall development of world history,and designs a realistic plan for the transition of mankind to a real community life in the 21st century on the basis of free and conscious practice.To promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind,it is necessary to exert selfconsciousness and grasp the general trend of human development in the historical initiative;There is a need to build consensus and promote the common values of all mankind in an inclusive manner;It is necessary to reshape the relationship and construct a new type of international relations in solidarity and cooperation;It is necessary to establish a quasi-order and transform the global governance system with the world in mind.