从苏国勋的韦伯汉学史出发:中西比较视角下的“会”

"Hui"from the Comparisons Between China and Western:Starting from Su Guoxun′s Comments on the History of Weber′s Sinology

苏国勋先生认为韦伯的《儒教与道教》深受汉学家高延的影响,从“天人合一”等问题出发进行了深刻的分析,指出汉学家们资料、立场的局限造成了韦伯作品中的局限。沿着苏国勋先生的思路,以高延有关中国传统社会中的“会”的研究为切入点,带入中西比较的视角,解析韦伯对高延的借鉴与突破。从高延到韦伯的思想路线,既是用西方理论观照中国传统的尝试,又代表着从汉学到社会学的理论发展。正如苏国勋先生所指出的,正视其思想的局限,挖掘其理论启发意义,既有助于从民间社会真实的立场去理解官方纪录背后的历史真相,也有助于将普遍理论概念应用于中国文化研究,更好地把握其特殊的生命力。

In his ground-breaking study on Max Weber,Professor Su Guoxun points out the linkage between Weber and a sinologist J.J.M.de Groot,the use of concept of"Universalism"in his monograph on China shows how Weber′s vison is defined by the literature source and stand-point of de Groot.Following Prof.Su′s path,this study compares the notion of"Sect"in Weber′s and de Groot′s study,both of whom claim"Hui"(society)in traditional China as"sect",but with different theoretical treatment.Weber focus more on the peaceful and self-organizational aspect of Hui,while it doesn′t function as the mechanism in favor of the birth of modern capitalism.By the comparison of Weber and de Groot,China and the west,this study indicates that China with its long history and sophisticated culture should have a more active role in the process of modernization.Furthermore,combining universal theory with Chinese experience,sociological theory could help to map the′real′China behind the historical document.