造孔剂对电纺炭纤维膜微结构与性能的影响

Effect of pore forming agent on microstructure and properties of electrospun carbon fiber membrane

采用静电纺丝技术与氩气保护炭化工艺,以聚丙烯腈为碳源,制备了系列柔性炭纤维膜.对比研究了不同造孔剂磺基琥珀酸钠二辛酯(NaAOT)、醋酸锌(ZnAc)以及对苯二甲酸(PTA)掺杂对炭纤维膜微结构、力学以及油水分离等性能的影响.结果表明,与未掺杂造孔剂的炭纤维(CF)相比,掺杂NaAOT、ZnAc、PTA的炭纤维内部均出现一定数量孔隙结构,孔隙分别以微孔、微孔与介孔、大孔为主,且膜柔韧性与抗拉强度均高于未掺杂造孔剂的CF膜.其中,掺杂ZnAc造孔剂的炭膜(ZnAc-CF)具有最佳的柔韧性与最高的抗拉强度(0.97 MPa).此外,3种造孔剂的掺杂均在一定程度上增大了炭纤维直径,从而导致NaAOT-CF、ZnAc-CF和PTA-CF膜均表现出更好的疏水性能.ZnAc-CF膜展现出最好的油水分离性能,其油通量达到3440 L/(m^(2)·h),对未乳化的油水混合物分离循环50次后,分离效率依然可维持在98%左右.

A series of flexible carbon fiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning and heat treatment with polyacrylonitrile as carbon source.The effects of doping with different pore formers such as sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate(NaAOT),zinc acetate(ZnAc)and terephthalic acid(PTA)on the microstructure,mechanics and oil-water separation properties of carbon fiber membranes were comparatively studied.The results showed that a certain number of pore structures appeared in the carbon fiber doped with NaAOT,ZnAc and PTA,and the pores were mainly microporous,microporous,mesoporous and macroporous respectively,compared with the carbon fiber(CF)without pore forming agent.Meanwhile,the flexibility and tensile strength of the membranes doped with pore fomers were stronger than that of the CF membrane without pore forming agent.Among them,the carbon fiber membrane doped with ZnAc(ZnAc-CF)exhibited the best flexibility and the highest tensile strength(0.97 MPa).In addition,the doping of three pore forming agents increased the diameter of carbon fiber,resulting in better hydrophobic properties of CF-NaAOT,CF-ZnAc and CF-PTA membranes.CF-ZnAc membrane showed the most outstanding oil-water separation performance,and the oil flux could reach 3440 L/(m^(2)·h).After 50 cycles of separation of non-emulsified oil-water mixture,the separation efficiency of CF-ZnAc could maintain at about 98%.