大规模海上风电集中送出建设模式研究

Research on Construction Mode of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power Centralized Transmission

[目的]当前海上风电已成为全球风电发展的研究热点。我国海上风电尚处于起步阶段,而当前的运营模式存在不利于海上风电大规模集中送出等缺点,无法适应新形势下的长远发展。另一方面,欧洲各国对海上风电的补贴政策与我国当前的发展思路有所冲突,可借鉴性不强,且欧洲模式本身仍存在弊端。因此亟需探索适合我国近海深水区海上风电发展的新模式。[方法]首先分析了欧洲各国海上风电发展现状,并对海上风电输电模式进行总结;其次给出了四种海上风电输电技术应用场景;最后对海上风电商业模式进行了可行性分析。[结果]结果表明:在拆分海上发、输电侧环节后,广东省预计“十四五”期间能够实现平价上网;相比于分散式开发,深水区海上风电统筹集约式开发从经济性及环境集约利用层面更具有优势。[结论]形成的研究结论可以为后续大规模海上风电集中送出项目的方案设计和建设模式提供技术支持,具有很好的示范应用前景。

[Introduction]Offshore wind power has become a research hotspot in the development of global wind power.China’s offshore wind power is still in its infancy,the current operation mode is not conducive to the large-scale centralized transmission of offshore wind power and cannot adapt to the long-term development under the new situation.Moreover,the subsidy policies of European countries for offshore wind power conflict with China’s development ideas,so they cannot be used for reference,and there are still some disadvantages in the European modes.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a new mode suitable for the development of offshore wind power in China’s offshore deep-water areas.[Method]Firstly,the development status of offshore wind power in European countries was analyzed and the current transmission modes of offshore wind power were summarized.Secondly,four application scenarios of offshore wind power transmission technology were given.Finally,the feasibility of offshore wind power business model was analyzed.[Result]The results show that the connection to grid at an equal price is expected to be achieved in Guangdong during the 14th Five-Year Plan period after the separation of offshore wind power generation and transmission side links.The centralized development of offshore wind power in deep-water areas is more feasible for economy and environmental intensive utilization compared with the decentralized development.[Conclusion]The research conclusion can provide technical support for the scheme design and construction mode of the follow-up large-scale offshore wind power centralized transmission project and has a good demonstration application prospect.