非农就业区位差异视角下水库移民幸福感研究

Research on the Happiness of Reservoir Resettlers from the Perspective of Non-agricultural Employment Location Differences

水库移民是我国乡村人口的重要组成部分,《“十四五”公共服务规划》中指出要使民生福祉达到新水平,如何全面提升水库移民的幸福感,是实现“十四五”规划目标的重要内容。基于幸福经济学,以非农就业水库移民作为研究对象,通过构建移民幸福感测度指标体系,利用AHP-熵权法组合赋权法,对比分析就业区位差异对于移民幸福感的影响。结果表明:收入和家庭关系是影响移民幸福感的主要因素,工作状况、居住条件、生活便利程度、基础设施和政策公平性等指标也处于较重要地位,而消费情况、社会福利、社会地位和邻里关系对移民幸福感的影响不显著;本地非农就业移民幸福感高于外出务工移民,且两者幸福感较高人群的个人特征差异较大。在此基础上提出以下几点建议:应持续开展技能培训,提高移民就业竞争力;大力发展特色产业,鼓励年轻移民回乡就业创业;切实保障公共服务均等化,提高移民生活质量。

Reservoir resettlers are an important part of China’s rural population, and the 14th Five-Year Plan for Public Services points out that the well-being of people’s livelihood should reach a new level, so how to comprehensively improve the happiness of reservoir resettlers is an important part of the 14th Five-Year Plan. Based on happiness economics, this paper takes non-agricultural employment of reservoir resettlers as the research object, constructs the index system for measuring reservoir resettlers’ happiness, and uses the combination of AHPentropy weighting method to compare and analyze the impact of employment location differences on reservoir resettlers’ happiness. The results show that income and family relationship are the main factors affecting reservoir resettlers’ happiness, and indicators such as work status, living conditions, convenience of life, infrastructure and policy fairness are also in a more important position, while consumption situation, social welfare, social status and neighborhood relationship do not have significant effects on reservoir resettlers’ happiness;the happiness of local non-farm employment reservoir resettlers is higher than that of reservoir resettlers working outside, and the individual characteristics of the two groups with higher well-being differ significantly. On this basis, the following suggestions are made: skills training should be carried out continuously to improve the competitiveness of reservoir resettlers’ employment;special industries should be developed vigorously to encourage young reservoir resettlers to return to their hometowns for employment and business;equalization of public services should be effectively guaranteed to improve reservoir resettlers’ quality of life.