故事诗学的学科语境及其理论建构

Study of Disciplinary Context and Theoretical Construction Approach of Chinese Story Poetics

“走向故事诗学”的学科展望,既是对中国故事学的百年反思,也与近四十年来片面强调文化人类学方法的学科语境有关。回归民间故事的文学性,重申故事文本的诗学价值及其审美品格,彰显民间故事瑰丽神奇的想象力与蕴意悠远的美学趣味,成为故事诗学出场的学术使命。由此,故事诗学的逻辑建构可依次展开为:研究对象上,超越现有的民间文学体裁分类,将民间故事拓展为涵盖神话、传说、故事以及作家改写文本的大故事文类;诗学风格上,以民间审美为诗学立场,以质朴率真、刚健清新、瑰丽神奇为审美范畴,以“民间文学—通俗文学—精英文学”三位一体机制作为诗学实践路径;文化取向上,以青少年的美育和人生养成为目标,注重本土的伦理生活传统,以其作为阐释故事文本“诗教功能”的文化依据。总体而论,建构故事诗学当突破狭义民间故事限制,将其从文化人类学的功能、价值研究中解放出来,重建世代相承的日常生活中的故事审美经验,以诗学解读来唤醒、激活故事的当代文化阐释力和影响力,实现学科特性与时代命题的有效融合。

The disciplinary prospect of“Toward story-poetics”is not only a reflection on Chinese story-telling for one hundred years,but also related to the disciplinary context in which the method of cultural anthropology has been unilaterally emphasized in the past 40years.It has become the academic mission of storytelling poetics to return to the literary character of folk stories,reaffirmed the poetic value and aesthetic character of the story texts,and highlighted the magnificent and magical imagination and aesthetic taste of folk stories.Therefore,the logical construction of story-poetics is as follows:in terms of the object of study,it transcends the existing genre classification of folk literature,and expands folk stories to cover myths,legends,stories and writers’text rewriting.In terms of poetics style,it takes folk aesthetics as the position of poetics,takes plain and honest,vigorous,fresh,magnificent and magical as the aesthetic category.It also takes“folk literature-popular literature-literati literature”as the trinity mechanism of poetics practice path.In terms of cultural orientation,it aims at the aesthetic education and life development of young people,pays attention to the local ethical life tradition,and takes it as the cultural basis to explain the“poetic teaching function”of the story text.In general,the construction of storytelling poetics should break through the restriction of folk stories in the narrow sense,liberate it from the study of the function and value of cultural anthropology,rebuild the aesthetic experience of stories in daily life,wake up and activate the contemporary cultural interpretation and influence of stories with the interpretation of poetics,and realize the effective integration of the subject characteristics and the topic of The Times.